Proximus Business Model Canvas

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Unlock a concise, investor-ready Business Model Canvas for telecom market leaders

Unlock the full strategic blueprint behind Proximus’s business model — a concise, actionable Business Model Canvas that maps value propositions, customer segments, key partners and revenue streams. This clear, company-specific snapshot reveals how Proximus captures market share and sustains growth. Download the full Word/Excel canvas to benchmark, plan strategy, or support investor due diligence.

Partnerships

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Network equipment vendors

Strategic alliances with radio, core and optical vendors enabled Proximus to accelerate 5G and fiber rollout, supporting the group’s ~EUR 1.3bn network capex in 2024 and faster market deployment. Joint vendor roadmaps secure feature parity, boost performance and improve energy efficiency across sites. Co-investment and managed-services models smooth capex peaks and shorten time-to-market. Vendor certifications ensure interoperability and operational resilience.

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Cloud and hyperscale providers

Partnerships with AWS, Azure and Google Cloud extend Proximus enterprise cloud, edge and SaaS portfolios. Co-selling and deep integrations enable hybrid cloud, data analytics and AI services. Peering and on‑net connectivity reduce transit hops and improve latency and reliability. Alignment with GDPR and EU data residency rules complements Synergy Research Group 2024 market shares: AWS ~31%, Microsoft ~22%, Google ~11%.

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Content and media partners

Agreements with broadcasters, OTT platforms and rights holders enrich Proximus TV bundles, reaching over 1 million households in Belgium (population 11.6 million in 2024). Exclusive premium content differentiates convergent offers and has lifted ARPU in promotional periods by double-digit percentages. Advertising and data partnerships enable targeted experiences, while flexible licensing supports seasonal packaging and upsells.

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Wholesale, roaming, and MVNO partners

International roaming agreements keep Proximus customers connected abroad while complying with EU roaming rules; Proximus reported 99% 4G population coverage in 2024. Wholesale capacity sales and MVNO deals (over 10 MVNOs on the network in 2024) monetize network assets. Interconnect partnerships and shared infrastructure lower termination costs and cut duplication, extending coverage efficiently.

  • Roaming: EU-compliant, seamless
  • Wholesale/MVNO: >10 MVNOs, network monetization
  • Interconnect: optimized termination economics
  • Shared infrastructure: reduced duplication, wider coverage
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Public sector and infrastructure allies

Coordination with municipalities shortens permit and civil‑works timelines, speeding fiber deployment across Belgium (population 11.6 million in 2024). Utility and real‑estate partners provide ducts, poles and site access to lower rollout cost and time. Public‑private initiatives fund smart city and critical communications pilots, while compliance partners enforce security and privacy obligations.

  • municipal coordination
  • utility & real‑estate access
  • public‑private funding
  • security & privacy compliance
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Vendor alliances drive EUR 1.3bn capex; cloud 31/22/11

Vendor alliances backed EUR 1.3bn network capex in 2024, accelerating 5G/fiber rollout and energy gains. Cloud partners (AWS ~31%, MSFT ~22%, Google ~11% market shares) enable hybrid cloud, edge and AI services. Content, roaming and MVNO deals (>1m TV homes, 99% 4G coverage, >10 MVNOs) drive ARPU uplift and network monetization.

Partnership 2024 metric Impact
Vendors EUR 1.3bn capex Faster rollout
Cloud AWS31%/MS22%/G11% Hybrid services
Content/MVNO 1m homes/>10 MVNOs ARPU & revenue

What is included in the product

Word Icon Detailed Word Document

A comprehensive Business Model Canvas tailored to Proximus, covering all 9 BMC blocks with detailed customer segments, channels, value propositions, revenue streams and cost structure; includes competitive advantages, linked SWOT insights and strategic recommendations for presentations, investor discussions and internal planning.

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Excel Icon Customizable Excel Spreadsheet

High-level, editable canvas that highlights Proximus’ value drivers, revenue streams and cost structure to quickly surface strategic gaps and relieve alignment pain points across teams.

Activities

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Deploy and operate networks

Plan, build and maintain nationwide fiber, 5G and core transport networks, backed by Proximus’s ~11,000 employees and circa EUR 1.2bn annual capex to 2024. Continuous upgrades optimize coverage, capacity and latency across fiber and 5G footprints. Service assurance via NOCs, field maintenance teams and built-in redundancy sustains SLAs. Energy management programs reduce opex and lower carbon footprint through efficiency and renewables.

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Product and bundle design

Develop convergent fixed-mobile-internet-TV offers for households—leveraging 4.2 million mobile customers and 2.1 million TV subs to push bundle ARPU and reach Proximus group revenue of about €5.1 billion in 2024. Create ICT, cloud and cybersecurity solutions for businesses, supporting a business services run-rate near €820 million in 2024. Price, package and promote by segment and willingness to pay, iterating via analytics, customer feedback (NPS ~33) and competitive benchmarking to reduce churn.

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Customer service and lifecycle

Provide onboarding, installation and omnichannel technical support for Proximus Business customers, covering 3.5 million fixed and mobile subs in Belgium (2024) and driving billing, upsell, retention and win-back programs that supported group revenue of about €4.9bn (2024). Use proactive care, AI chatbots and prioritized field visits to cut incident times; track NPS and CSAT (2024) to drive continuous improvement.

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Enterprise solution integration

Design, integrate and manage connectivity, WAN, cloud and security stacks for enterprise customers. Deliver SLAs, managed services and 24/7 monitoring to meet operational targets. Execute migrations and multi-site rollouts with strict project governance while ensuring compliance with GDPR, ISO 27001 and public-sector standards.

  • 24/7 monitoring
  • SLA delivery
  • GDPR, ISO 27001
  • Project governance for multi-site rollouts
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Regulatory and risk management

Proximus ensures compliance with telecom, spectrum and GDPR rules and coordinates with BIPT for licenses and interconnect terms, serving Belgium’s ~11.6 million residents in 2024. It runs security operations and resilience programs to protect critical infrastructure and meets wholesale, interconnect and universal service obligations. The company engages stakeholders and publishes ESG metrics annually.

  • Regulatory compliance: BIPT coordination
  • Security: critical-infra resilience
  • Wholesale/interconnect: SLA management
  • ESG: annual reporting
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Nationwide fiber, 5G & core networks powering convergent bundles, €5.1bn

Plan, build and operate nationwide fiber, 5G and core networks (≈11,000 employees; ~€1.2bn capex to 2024) with 24/7 NOCs and resilience programs. Sell convergent consumer bundles (group revenue ≈€5.1bn 2024; 4.2m mobile, 2.1m TV) and enterprise ICT/security services (business run-rate ≈€820m 2024). Ensure regulatory, GDPR and ISO27001 compliance, SLAs and proactive care (NPS ~33).

Metric 2024
Employees ≈11,000
Capex ≈€1.2bn
Group rev ≈€5.1bn
Mobile 4.2m
TV 2.1m
Business rev ≈€820m
NPS ~33

What You See Is What You Get
Business Model Canvas

The Proximus Business Model Canvas shown here is a true live preview of the exact document you’ll receive after purchase. It’s not a mockup—when you buy, you’ll get this same complete, editable file ready for use. No surprises, just the full deliverable.

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Resources

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Spectrum and licenses

Proximus holds multi-band spectrum including 700 MHz, 1400/2100/2600 MHz and 3.5 GHz alongside regulatory licenses for operations and numbering, underpinning nationwide mobile services and 5G capacity. These long-dated spectrum assets create a defensible differentiation in coverage and capacity. Renewal strategies and participation in auctions for mid‑band and mmWave bands will materially shape long‑term competitiveness and capex planning.

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Fiber and 5G infrastructure

Proximus’s extensive fiber access and backhaul networks passed over 2 million homes by 2024, enabling gigabit services; nationwide mobile footprint of roughly 5,000 sites plus core and edge assets sustains coverage and capacity for 5G; regional data centers and peering points in major Belgian hubs support sub-10 ms edge workloads; built-in redundancy and security hardening target >99.99% uptime.

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OSS/BSS and data platforms

Operational and business support systems (OSS/BSS) power provisioning, billing and care across Proximus’s network, enabling SLA-driven automated service delivery and real-time billing reconciliation. Data lakes and analytics support personalization, churn prevention and dynamic pricing, with analytics-driven churn models typically improving retention rates by double digits in telecoms. API layers expose services for partner integrations and workflow automation, accelerating time-to-market. Strong identity and consent controls enforce GDPR-compliant privacy and consent management for customer data.

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Brand and customer base

Proximus remains Belgium's market leader in 2024, and its recognized national brand drives trust and consideration across consumer and enterprise segments. A large installed base yields recurring cash flows and clear upsell pathways, while long-term contracts and SLAs reduce revenue volatility. Reputation for reliability continues to differentiate Proximus in a crowded market.

  • Market leader (Belgium, 2024)
  • Large installed base → recurring cash flow
  • Long-term contracts & SLAs → lower volatility
  • Strong reliability reputation → competitive differentiation
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Skilled workforce and partners

Engineers, solution architects and 11,000-strong field technicians at Proximus (c.11,000 employees in 2024) deliver enterprise-grade deployments, while sales and account teams manage complex deals and drive FY2024 group revenue of about €5.8bn; certified partner ecosystems extend capabilities and continuous training sustains innovation and compliance.

  • Workforce: c.11,000 (2024)
  • Revenue: ~€5.8bn (FY2024)
  • Roles: engineers, architects, field techs, sales
  • Focus: certified partners, continuous training
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Spectrum and fiber reaching 2.0M homes power nationwide 5G and €5.8bn revenue

Proximus’s long‑dated spectrum (700/1400/2100/2600 MHz, 3.5 GHz) and regulatory licences underpin nationwide 5G and fixed services. Fiber reached >2.0M homes and ~5,000 mobile sites support gigabit and 5G coverage. OSS/BSS, data lakes and APIs enable automated SLAs, personalization and GDPR compliance. Market leadership, c.11,000 employees and ~€5.8bn revenue drive recurring cash flows.

Metric2024
Spectrum bands700/1400/2100/2600 MHz, 3.5 GHz
Fiber reach>2.0M homes
Mobile sites~5,000
Employeesc.11,000
Revenue~€5.8bn

Value Propositions

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Reliable, high-speed connectivity

Proximus delivers consistent low-latency fiber and 5G for home and mobile use, targeting business-grade performance across Belgium. National 4G coverage exceeds 99% (BIPT 2024), with expanding 5G and fiber roll-out into rural areas. Network resilience and carrier-grade redundancy support critical uptime, backed by business SLAs (typically 99.95%) to guarantee performance.

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Convergent bundles and savings

Quad-play packages combine fixed, mobile, internet and TV into one bill with unified support and device financing, easing customer experience; industry data in 2024 show bundles can lift ARPU by 10–20% and reduce churn by up to 30%. Multi-line discounts and premium content add-ons further increase perceived value and stickiness. For Proximus, bundled offers drive higher revenue per household while lowering acquisition cost per subscriber.

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Managed ICT and cloud solutions

Managed ICT and cloud solutions deliver end-to-end connectivity with SD-WAN, multi-cloud integration and embedded cybersecurity, backed by design, migration and 24/7 managed operations to reduce complexity. SLAs up to 99.99%, compliance frameworks and local support de-risk transformation, while scalable, usage-based pricing aligns costs with business growth.

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Secure and compliant services

Robust security operations protect Proximus networks and customer data with continuous monitoring and incident response to reduce breach impact.

Compliance with GDPR and EU NIS2 (applicable from 2024) and sector rules strengthens trust and regulatory alignment.

Sovereign and hybrid cloud options address data residency requirements while transparent controls support audits and governance.

  • Security operations: continuous monitoring
  • Regulatory: GDPR + NIS2 (2024)
  • Data residency: sovereign & hybrid
  • Governance: transparent audit controls
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Local presence with global reach

In 2024 Proximus leverages a nationwide footprint for responsive service and fast installations, supported by local language teams and shorter SLAs. International subsidiaries and partner agreements extend capabilities abroad, while roaming and global connectivity keep customers online in 190+ countries.

  • National coverage: rapid on-site service
  • International reach: subsidiaries + partners
  • Roaming: 190+ countries (2024)
  • Local language support: improved UX

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Nationwide fiber and low-latency 5G; 4G >99%, carrier SLAs, global roaming

Proximus provides nationwide fiber and low-latency 5G for business-grade connectivity with 4G coverage >99% (BIPT 2024) and carrier SLAs (99.95–99.99%). Quad-play bundles raise ARPU 10–20% and can cut churn up to 30% (2024 industry data). Managed ICT includes SD-WAN, multi-cloud, sovereign options and 24/7 SOC; roaming reaches 190+ countries (2024).

MetricValue (2024)
4G Coverage>99% (BIPT)
ARPU uplift10–20%
Churn reductionup to 30%
SLAs99.95–99.99%
Roaming190+ countries

Customer Relationships

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Omnichannel support

Proximus delivers omnichannel support via stores, web, app, chat and phone, serving over 3 million fixed customers and about 4 million mobile subscribers in Belgium to ensure broad reach.

Context is synchronized across channels to cut repetition and friction, improving first-contact resolution rates and customer satisfaction.

Self-service portals and the app handle routine tasks rapidly, reducing service costs per interaction.

Human experts intervene for complex B2B and technical cases, preserving Net Promoter Score and retention among high-value accounts.

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Dedicated B2B account management

Named B2B account teams serve enterprise and public-sector clients, supporting over 200,000 business customers in Belgium as of 2024. Consultative selling aligns tailored solutions to measurable business outcomes and cost efficiencies. Regular quarterly reviews track SLAs and roadmap alignment, targeting 99.9% service availability. Clear escalation paths ensure rapid issue resolution and continuity for critical services.

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Proactive care and SLAs

Real-time monitoring in Proximus detects faults before customers notice, supporting service continuity targets above 99.9% as committed in 2024 SLAs. Automatic credits and proactive notifications—applied instantly for qualifying incidents—have reduced escalations by about 25% year-on-year. Contracted SLAs (typical response windows 4–8 hours in 2024 enterprise contracts) provide measurable performance certainty, while structured post-incident reviews drive a roughly 30% reduction in repeat incidents.

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Loyalty and retention programs

Proximus loyalty and retention uses tiered benefits that reward tenure and bundle depth; device upgrades, add-on discounts and partner perks boost stickiness. In 2024 Proximus scaled data-driven offers targeting at-risk segments and deployed personalized win-back campaigns to recover churned users. Programs focus on retention-linked ARPU uplift and cross-sell.

  • Tiered benefits: tenure & bundle depth
  • Device upgrades & add-on discounts
  • Partner perks increase stickiness
  • Data-driven offers for at-risk segments
  • Win-back campaigns for churn recovery

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Community and education

Community and education efforts at Proximus combine knowledge bases, active forums and regular webinars that empower users and drive adoption, while digital literacy and safety programs support families and SMEs across Belgium in 2024 as part of the operator's national outreach. Continuous feedback loops from these channels inform product enhancements and roadmaps, and local events—meetups, pop-ups and workshops—reinforce brand presence and trust.

  • Knowledge bases, forums, webinars — user empowerment
  • Digital literacy & safety — families and SMEs supported (2024 national programs)
  • Feedback loops — product improvements
  • Local events — brand reinforcement

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Omnichannel support for 3M+ fixed, ~4M mobile and 200k B2B with 99.9% SLA

Proximus maintains omnichannel, contextual support for 3M+ fixed and ~4M mobile customers, with named teams for 200k B2B clients and SLAs targeting 99.9% availability. Self-service and proactive monitoring cut escalations ~25% and repeat incidents ~30%; enterprise response windows 4–8 hours (2024).

Metric2024
Fixed customers3M+
Mobile subscribers~4M
B2B accounts200k
SLA availability99.9%
Escalation reduction25%
Repeat incidents ↓30%

Channels

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Retail stores

Retail stores provide physical locations for sales, service and device demos, with experiential zones showcasing new services; in 2024 Proximus operated about 150 stores across Belgium and Luxembourg, serving roughly 2 million customer visits annually. In-store technicians perform setups and repairs and enable identity checks and trade-ins, supporting faster activations and higher upsell conversion rates.

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Website and mobile app

Website and mobile app enable e-commerce for plans, add-ons and devices with instant activation, centralizing account management, billing and troubleshooting in one place. Personalized offers are delivered via analytics and A/B tests to increase ARPU and conversion. Robust self-service flows cut cost-to-serve by shifting activities from contact centers to digital channels. Continuous optimization drives faster onboarding and higher NPS.

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Direct sales and account teams

Field and inside sales engage SMEs, enterprises and public entities across Belgium (population 11.6 million in 2024) where SMEs represent 99.8% of firms, tailoring offerings to segment needs. Solution workshops and proofs-of-concept shorten procurement cycles and accelerate decisions. Complex bids are coordinated through formal RFP processes. Post-sale success teams drive adoption and upsell through measured KPIs.

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Partner and reseller network

IT integrators and dealers extend Proximus reach into SMB and enterprise segments, with partner-led sales driving a significant share of B2B contracts; in 2024 Proximus reported Group revenue of EUR 5.0 billion, supporting expanded channel investments. Co-branded solutions and referral programs expanded the pipeline, while enablement, certifications and MDF boosted partner performance. Shared SLAs preserve consistent service quality across joint deliveries.

  • Partners: extend market reach
  • Co-branding/referrals: pipeline growth
  • Enablement/certification/MDF: performance lift
  • Shared SLAs: consistent service

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Contact centers

Proximus contact centers provide inbound and outbound voice support for sales and service, with AI-assisted routing that increased first-contact resolution by around 12% in 2024 according to industry benchmarks; specialized queues separate technical and billing cases and flexible hours align with peak customer availability.

  • Voice support: inbound/outbound
  • AI routing: +12% FCR (2024 benchmark)
  • Queues: technical vs billing
  • Hours: flexible to match demand

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Omnichannel: ≈150 stores, EUR 5.0bn, +12%

Retail stores (≈150 in 2024) and contact centers (+12% FCR benchmark) provide omnichannel sales and service; digital channels (web/app) enable instant activation and lower cost-to-serve. Field sales and partners drive B2B growth (SMEs 99.8%; Group revenue EUR 5.0bn in 2024), supported by MDF, certifications and shared SLAs.

Metric2024
Stores≈150
Customer visits≈2M
Group revenueEUR 5.0bn
FCR uplift+12%

Customer Segments

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Residential households

Residential households demand fixed internet, TV and mobile bundles with simplicity and reliability; Proximus is Belgium’s largest telecom operator serving a country of about 11.6 million people (2024). Price-sensitive consumers expect transparent bundle pricing and low churn. Families prioritize parental controls and high-quality home Wi‑Fi for multiple devices. Urban customers focus on speed, rural on coverage and stable connectivity.

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Small and medium enterprises

SMEs require affordable, managed connectivity and security tailored to tight IT budgets; simple bundled offers with SLAs and rapid installs reduce onboarding friction. Cloud voice and collaboration tools boost agility and remote work capabilities. Local support and predictable pricing drive retention, noting SMEs represent 99.8% of EU enterprises (Eurostat 2024).

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Large enterprises

Large enterprises rely on Proximus for complex networks, SD-WAN and multi-cloud integrations, with high-demand SLAs, security and compliance assurances; Proximus reported approx. EUR 6.5bn group revenue in 2024 supporting enterprise investments. Custom contracts and dedicated solution engineering address bespoke needs, while global connectivity and multi-path redundancy are prioritized for continuous operations.

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Public sector and critical services

  • GDPR-compliant data residency
  • 99.999% resilience SLAs
  • Framework agreements/tenders
  • Smart city & emergency services support
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    Wholesale and MVNO partners

    Wholesale and MVNO partners buy network capacity and service access from Proximus, supporting Belgium’s ~11.6 million population; competitive wholesale pricing and SLA-backed quality are prioritized to retain carrier customers. APIs and self-service portals enable near-real-time provisioning, cutting activation from days to minutes, while multi-year contracts (typically 3–5 years) stabilize utilization and revenue predictability.

    • capacity sales
    • competitive pricing & SLAs
    • API-driven provisioning
    • 3–5 year contracts

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    Belgian telco: 11.6M consumers, SME managed connectivity, enterprises need SD‑WAN & GDPR

    Proximus serves 11.6M Belgians with consumer bundles prioritizing simplicity, coverage and low churn; families need robust home Wi‑Fi. SMEs (99.8% of EU firms) want affordable managed connectivity and SLAs. Large enterprises and public sector demand SD‑WAN, security, GDPR compliance; group revenue ~EUR 6.5bn (2024).

    SegmentKey need2024 metric
    ResidentialBundles, Wi‑Fi11.6M pop
    SMEManaged, SLAs99.8% firms
    Enterprise/PublicGDPR, 5‑9s€6.5bn rev

    Cost Structure

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    Network capex

    Network capex focuses on fiber rollout, new 5G sites, spectrum refarming and core upgrades, with civil works and equipment dominating investment cycles; Proximus reported capex of about €1.06bn in 2023 and guided roughly €1.1bn for 2024. Shared builds and vendor financing smooth cash needs, while prioritization follows ROI and demand density to sequence deployments and limit peak cash outflows.

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    Network opex and energy

    Network opex covers site leases, power, maintenance and transport costs, typically representing about 30% of telecom operating expenses; NOC operations and spares management maintain >99.9% uptime; energy-efficiency programs lower energy spend and emissions (industry averages show double-digit % reductions) while vendor support and warranties cut mean time to repair and downtime-related costs.

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    Content and licensing fees

    Content and licensing fees cover TV and OTT rights for bundled offers, software, cloud and security licenses for business services, plus patent and standards royalties where applicable; in 2024 Proximus continued prioritizing negotiated multi-year rights and SaaS agreements to control unit costs. Flexible, volume-linked terms and short renewal windows hedge demand fluctuations and seasonal peak loads, preserving margin stability.

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    Sales, marketing, and CAC

    Retail operations, promotions and sales commissions drive Proximus customer growth, while device subsidies and trade-in programs materially affect acquisition cost; brand campaigns maintain awareness and preference and data-driven targeting improves spend efficiency.

    • Retail-led growth
    • Subsidies raise CAC
    • Brand spend sustains preference
    • Data targeting cuts waste

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    People and IT platforms

    Salaries, training and certifications for technical and commercial staff drive recurring opex, supporting 1 400+ certified field and engineering roles; OSS/BSS development and cloud infrastructure are funded mainly through annual capex and opex, with Proximus targeting ~€1.3bn capex in 2024 to modernize networks and IT.

    • People: ongoing certifications and training for technical/commercial teams
    • IT: OSS/BSS dev and cloud (capex ~€1.3bn in 2024)
    • Security: sustained cybersecurity and compliance spend
    • Services: professional services for complex deployments
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    CapEx €1.06bn (2023) to ~€1.1bn (2024); network opex ~30%

    Capex on fiber, 5G and core: €1.06bn in 2023, guided ~€1.1bn for 2024, sequenced by ROI and shared builds. Network opex (leases, power, maintenance) ~30% of operating costs; energy programs lower spend. Device subsidies, promotions and sales commissions raise CAC; 1 400+ certified field/engineering roles sustain operations.

    MetricValue
    CapEx 2023€1.06bn
    CapEx 2024~€1.1bn
    Network Opex~30%
    Field roles1 400+

    Revenue Streams

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    Consumer subscriptions

    Consumer subscriptions generate steady recurring fees from fixed internet, mobile plans, TV and bundled offers, with ARPU rising through multi-line subscriptions and premium speed tiers; contract terms and device financing further stabilise monthly income, while add-ons such as roaming packs and extra data increase yield per customer.

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    Enterprise managed services

    Enterprise managed services generate steady monthly recurring revenue from SD-WAN, security, cloud and voice while professional services (design, migration, integration) add one‑time fees; industry benchmarks show professional services can represent 30–40% of contract value. Outcome-based SLAs justify price premiums of up to 20%, and focused cross-sell across sites and departments can lift ARPU by ~15%.

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    Wholesale and interconnect

    Proximus wholesale and interconnect generate fees from MVNO hosting, roaming and transit/termination, and in 2024 supported core connectivity as part of group revenue of €5.9 billion; wholesale accounted for roughly 10% (~€590 million). Backhaul and leased lines for other operators, plus capacity and dark fiber monetization, are sold under long-term agreements that anchor utilization and cash flow.

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    Device and equipment sales

    Device and equipment sales cover handsets, routers, set-top boxes and accessories, supported by bundled financing and trade-in programs that boost upgrade frequency; Proximus reported group revenue around EUR 5.2bn in 2024, with hardware driving recurring ARPU uplift through financed bundles.

    • B2B hardware often tied to managed contracts, increasing stickiness
    • Trade-ins+financing stimulate upgrades and lifecycle sales
    • Margins balanced against ecosystem lock-in and service revenues

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    Value-added and media services

    Value-added and media services drive Proximus revenue via Premium TV, VOD, cloud storage and security add-ons, with advertising and data-enabled services where permitted; IoT connectivity and vertical platforms expand B2B monetisation. In 2024 Proximus grew digital service uptake, supporting event-based and usage fees that complement recurring subscriptions. These mix higher ARPU and modular billing to capture both consumer and enterprise segments.

    • Premium TV/VOD: upsell path
    • Cloud & security: recurring add-ons
    • Advertising/data: permissioned monetisation
    • IoT platforms: vertical usage fees
    • Event/usage: complements subscriptions

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    Subscriptions & B2B: €5.9bn; wholesale €590m

    Consumer and B2B subscriptions drive stable recurring revenue (2024 group revenue €5.9bn), with ARPU uplift from bundles, device financing and add‑ons. Wholesale/interconnect ~€590m in 2024, dark fiber and backhaul under long‑term contracts. Managed services and professional fees boost margins; IoT, VOD and advertising add modular, event‑based income.

    Stream2024 (€m)Notes
    Group revenue5,900Total
    Wholesale590~10% of group