Peabody Business Model Canvas
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Unlock the Strategic Business Model Canvas for Value, Revenue Streams and Growth Risks
Unlock Peabody's strategic blueprint with a concise Business Model Canvas that maps value propositions, key partners, revenue streams and cost drivers—essential for investors and strategists. This downloadable, editable canvas reveals how Peabody captures market share and where growth or risk lie. Buy the full Business Model Canvas for a ready-to-use, section-by-section guide to inform decisions and presentations.
Partnerships
Rail and port operators
Peabody partners with Class I U.S. railroads such as BNSF and Union Pacific and Australian networks including Aurizon and ARTC to secure consistent mine-to-port flow.
Power and steel offtake customers
Strategic offtake agreements with utilities and steelmakers anchor demand and enable integrated mine planning across Peabody operations. Multi-year contracts stabilize cash flows through committed volumes and index-linked pricing, reducing market exposure. Collaboration on coal quality specifications aligns production with boiler and coke oven requirements, while joint forecasting enhances scheduling and delivery reliability.
Equipment and technology suppliers
OEMs for trucks, shovels, longwall systems and preparation plants are critical to Peabody’s uptime across US and Australian operations, with OEM uptime targets typically above 90% in contracts.
Telematics, fleet management and autonomous solutions adopted industry-wide by 2024 deliver double-digit productivity and safety gains, while OEM maintenance service agreements commonly cut lifecycle costs by around 15–25%.
Partnerships also secure explosives, consumables and spare parts availability to avoid costly stoppages and maintain continuous production throughput.
Maritime shippers and commodity traders
Maritime shippers and commodity traders anchor Peabody’s logistics: relationships with shipowners, charterers and freight forwarders secure vessels and hedge freight risk, while traders expand market reach and provide optionality to balance portfolios; in 2024 Peabody’s exported tonnage relied on chartered lift covering roughly half of shipments amid elevated freight volatility.
- Freight derivatives: hedge delivered cost exposure
- Laycan flexibility: reduces demurrage and lowers spot premium
- Coordination: synchronized scheduling cuts berth delays
- Trading optionality: balances sales across APAC, Europe, Americas
Regulators, communities, and landowners
Engagement with federal, state, and local regulators enables permitting and compliance, securing operating approvals and reducing project delays. Collaboration with landowners and Indigenous groups supports land access and social license for site development and reclamation. Community partnerships drive workforce development and local procurement while transparent environmental reporting in 2024 reinforces trust.
- Regulatory engagement: permitting, compliance
- Landowner & Indigenous collaboration: access, social license
- Community partnerships: workforce, procurement
- Transparent reporting: environmental trust (2024)
Mine-to-port flow, 50% chartered lift, >90% uptime, +10% productivity gains
Peabody’s key partnerships secure mine-to-port flow with Class I rail and Aurizon/ARTC; chartered lift covered ~50% of exports in 2024. Offtake contracts with utilities/steelmakers provide multi-year volume certainty and index-linked pricing. OEM service agreements target >90% uptime and cut lifecycle costs ~15–25%; telematics/autonomy drove double-digit productivity gains in 2024.
| Partner | 2024 Metric |
|---|---|
| Rail/Maritime | Chartered lift ~50% |
| Offtakers | Multi-year, index pricing |
| OEMs | Uptime >90%, costs -15–25% |
| Tech | Productivity +10%+ |
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A comprehensive Peabody Business Model Canvas detailing customer segments, channels, value propositions and core operations across the 9 classic BMC blocks, with narratives, competitive advantages, linked SWOT analysis and validation using real company data—designed for presentations, investor discussions and strategic decision-making.
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Activities
Mine development and production
In 2024 Peabody's mine development and production combine advanced resource modeling, detailed mine planning, and staged stripping to execute safe, efficient extraction across assets.
Operations span dragline, truck-shovel and longwall methods with continuous improvement programs targeting lower unit costs and productivity gains.
Rehabilitation plans are integrated throughout mine life, aligning closure liability management and permitting with operational scheduling in 2024.
Coal processing and blending
Preparation plants wash, size and de-ash coal to meet customer specs, improving calorific value and removing contaminants; 2024 industry wash plants typically delivered 70–85% saleable yields. Stockpile management and blending tailor energy content, sulfur, ash and coking properties to contract specs. Rigorous sampling and lab QA/QC verify compliance. Optimized yields and lower impurities maximize margin per ton.
Marketing, contracting, and pricing
Sales teams structure term contracts, tenders and spot deals across basins, with term volumes representing roughly 60% of marketed coal in 2024 to secure cash flow.
Index-linked, fixed and collar pricing—with collars covering about 25% of exposure in 2024—manage volatility against a 2024 Newcastle thermal coal average near $160/ton.
Quality adjustments and freight terms align payment to delivered calorific value and landed cost, while market intelligence and monthly price curves inform portfolio allocation and basin mix.
Logistics and export coordination
- Train scheduling
- Port slots & vessel nominations
- Demurrage/storage reduction
- Backhaul & blending
- Real-time visibility
Safety, compliance, and reclamation
Staged mine development: 70-85% saleable, ~60% term sales, ~25% collars
Peabody in 2024 focuses on staged mine development, dragline/truck-shovel/longwall ops and integrated rehabilitation. Preparation plants delivered 70–85% saleable yields; stockpile blending and QA/QC optimize specs. Sales secured ~60% term volumes; collars covered ~25% exposure versus Newcastle thermal ~160/ton and BDI ~1,350.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Saleable yield | 70–85% |
| Term volume share | ~60% |
| Collar coverage | ~25% |
| Newcastle thermal | $160/ton |
| BDI avg | 1,350 |
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Resources
Coal reserves and mining rights
Peabody's large thermal and metallurgical reserves—reported at over 6.0 billion tons of proved and probable coal as of 2024—underpin long-term supply commitments and pricing leverage. Leases, permits and mineral rights across key US and Australian basins secure access and continuity of operations. Detailed geological data and reserve models drive mine sequencing and capex allocation. Reserve quality diversity supports multiple customer specifications from steam to coking coal.
Operating mines and processing plants
Owned mines across the U.S. and Australia underpin scale and flexibility, supporting c.120 million short tons of coal produced in 2024. Integrated prep plants, loadouts and stockyards enable tight quality control and product segregation. Extensive mobile and fixed equipment fleets drive productivity, while built‑in redundancy across sites mitigates downtime and supply disruptions.
Rail, port access, and logistics capacity
Contracted train paths and terminal capacity ensure steady flow to domestic and seaborne markets, reducing demurrage and routings delays. Conveyor systems and rapid loadouts increase throughput and lower unit handling costs. Integrated logistics IT systems provide real-time visibility and control across supply chains. Longstanding carrier and port relationships secure peak-season availability and surge capacity.
Customer contracts and relationships
In 2024 long-term offtakes with utilities and steelmakers anchor Peabody revenues, providing predictable cash flow.
Specialized technical teams optimize combustion and coking performance, driving plant reliability and fuel value.
- repeat customers & referrals
- serves customers in 20+ countries
- reduced concentration risk
Capital, liquidity, and risk management tools
Access to cash, committed credit lines, and insurance underpin Peabody’s operations and growth, while hedging of coal price, FX, and freight exposure reduces earnings volatility. Performance bonds and reclamation surety meet regulatory and contractual obligations, and disciplined capital allocation preserves balance-sheet strength and investment flexibility.
- Liquidity: cash and credit lines
- Hedging: price, FX, freight
- Surety: bonds, reclamation
- Allocation: preserve balance sheet
Reserves > 6.0 billion tons; c.120M short tons produced in 2024 — supply and pricing leverage
Peabody's 2024 proved and probable reserves exceed 6.0 billion tons, supporting long-term supply and pricing leverage. Owned U.S. and Australian mines produced c.120 million short tons in 2024, supported by prep plants and equipment fleets. Contracted logistics, long-term offtakes and access to cash/credit lines provide revenue predictability and operational resilience.
| Resource | 2024 metric |
|---|---|
| Reserves | >6.0 billion tons (proved & probable) |
| Production | c.120 million short tons |
| Markets | Serves 20+ countries |
Value Propositions
Reliable baseload fuel supply
Consistent delivery supports grid reliability for power generators, helping coal-backed plants that still supplied about 19% of U.S. electricity in 2024 (EIA) meet baseload needs. Peabody’s multi-mine portfolio across the U.S. and Australia reduces single-site disruption risk. Firm logistics capacity and rail/port agreements underpin on-time shipments. Contract structures commonly span 3–10 year horizons to align with utility planning.
Quality metallurgical coal for steel
Metallurgical coals with controlled CSR, volatility and low ash enable high-quality coke production essential for blast furnaces; Peabody’s blends support coke strength and reactivity used across steelmakers. Blending flexibility lowers delivered cost while preserving performance; technical support and on-site trials reduce adoption risk. Index-linked contracts tied to Platts HCC/S&P Global indices (used in 2024) provide transparent pricing amid ~1.9bn t global crude steel output (2024, World Steel Association provisional).
Cost-competitive PRB and thermal coal
Low-sulfur PRB coal, typically ≤0.6% sulfur and ~8,000–8,900 Btu/lb, delivers emissions benefits while remaining cost-competitive. Peabodys high-throughput operations lower unit costs through scale and efficiency. Flexible volume contracts match seasonal power demand swings. Integrated delivered solutions reduce total cost to burn by optimizing logistics and blending.
Global reach and optionality
Peabody sources coal from the U.S. and Australia, enabling delivery into Atlantic and Pacific basins and optionality between domestic and seaborne markets to capture higher-margin export windows. Portfolio balancing across regions smooths exposure to regional price swings while diverse product specs meet varied regulatory and fuel quality requirements.
- Dual-basin supply
- Domestic vs seaborne pivot
- Regional price hedge
- Spec diversity for regs
Safety and compliance assurance
Robust safety programs at Peabody reduce operational risk for customers and partners by lowering incident frequency and ensuring continuous deliveries under contractual obligations.
Consistent compliance and transparent reporting bolster social and regulatory trust while environmental stewardship—rehabilitation and emission controls—supports long-term continuity for supply chains and host communities.
- Safety: operational risk reduction
- Compliance: regulatory and social trust
- Transparency: stakeholder confidence
- Environmental stewardship: continuity
Coal reliability: 19% of US power, backing 1.9bn t steel
Consistent delivery supports grid reliability as coal supplied about 19% of U.S. electricity in 2024 (EIA). Metallurgical blends back coke quality for ~1.9bn t crude steel output in 2024 (World Steel Association). Dual-basin supply, low-sulfur PRB specs (≤0.6% S, ~8,000–8,900 Btu/lb) and 3–10 year contracts reduce supply and price risk.
| Metric | Value (2024) |
|---|---|
| US coal share of electricity | 19% (EIA) |
| Global crude steel | ~1.9bn t (World Steel Association) |
| PRB coal spec | ≤0.6% S; 8,000–8,900 Btu/lb |
Customer Relationships
Strategic account management
Dedicated strategic account teams serve top utilities and steelmakers with quarterly reviews to align volumes, specifications and logistics; senior executives engage in joint planning sessions while secure data-sharing platforms improve demand forecasting and inventory planning.
Long-term offtake contracts
Long-term offtake contracts (typically 3–10 years) give Peabody and buyers volume certainty and planning visibility; many 2024 agreements continued this horizon. Indexation to benchmarks such as API2/API4 plus calorific and sulfur adjustments align price with delivered quality. Take-or-pay provisions and flexibility windows allocate supply and demand risk between parties. Contractual KPIs and liquidated damages enforce performance and service standards.
Technical and operational support
Combustion and coking experts from Peabody optimize blends and performance for customers across 25+ countries (2024), improving burn rates and metallurgical outcomes. On-site trials and lab analysis reduce feedstock variability, shortening ramp-up times and stabilizing plant output. Rapid troubleshooting enhances plant efficiency and lowers emissions intensity, while post-shipment feedback loops refine future supply specifications.
Collaborative logistics planning
Collaborative logistics planning with joint scheduling across rail, port and plant operations smooths flows, lowers dwell times and aligns dispatch windows to customer delivery windows. Shared KPIs—throughput, on-time loading and demurrage exposure—focus teams to reduce bottlenecks and demurrage incidents. Contingency plans for weather and outages plus digital portals give customers real-time updates and exception alerts.
- Joint scheduling with rail/port/plant
- Shared KPIs: throughput, on-time loading, demurrage
- Contingency plans for weather/outages
- Digital portals for real-time updates
Transparent communication and reporting
In 2024 Peabody emphasized transparent communication with regular reports on quality, delivery and safety to build customer trust. Market insights from 2024 inform customers’ procurement strategies and pricing decisions. Defined issue escalation paths enable rapid resolution while auditable data supports regulatory compliance.
- Reports: quality, delivery, safety
- Market insights: procurement planning
- Escalation: rapid resolution
- Auditable data: compliance
Secure data-sharing, API2/API4-indexed 3–10yr contracts and technical support across 25+ countries
Peabody manages strategic account teams and senior executive planning with secure data-sharing to improve forecasting and inventory; long-term offtake contracts (3–10 years) and indexation to API2/API4 align pricing and risk. Technical support across 25+ countries (2024) optimizes blends and reduces ramp-up; collaborative logistics and digital portals drive on-time delivery and lower demurrage. Regular 2024 reporting and auditable data reinforce trust and compliance.
| Metric | Value (2024) |
|---|---|
| Contract horizon | 3–10 years |
| Countries served | 25+ |
| Benchmarks | API2/API4 indexation |
| Customer reporting | Quality, delivery, safety (regular) |
Channels
Direct sales force
Account managers cover utilities, independent power producers and steelmakers, targeting customers that rely on coal for baseload and metallurgical needs; according to the U.S. EIA, coal supplied about 16% of U.S. electricity generation in 2023. Relationship selling aligns complex specs and logistics across long lead times. Regular on-site visits and technical reviews strengthen ties and reduce outage risk. Tailored proposals address plant-specific feedstock, rail and handling requirements.
Long-term tenders and RFPs
Participation in utility and steel procurement cycles secures base volumes via multi-year supply awards typically spanning 3–10 years, anchoring cash flow and planning. Competitive bidding aligned with annual and multi-year planning calendars improves portfolio visibility and contract conversion. Clear technical submissions shorten clarification rounds and materially reduce award risk. Contracts embed measurable service-level expectations such as delivery windows, quality specs and penalty regimes.
Commodity brokers and traders
Commodity brokers and traders extend Peabody's reach into smaller and opportunistic markets, helping capture marginal cargos and regional demand. They supply liquidity for spot cargoes, enabling timely sales versus long-term contracts. Real-time market color from brokers informs pricing and risk decisions. Structured deals with traders add commercial and timing flexibility for cargo delivery (Peabody trades under ticker BTU on the NYSE in 2024).
Digital portals and EDI
Digital portals centralize online scheduling, documentation and invoicing, cutting processing costs—2024 industry data shows e-invoicing can reduce invoice processing costs by up to 60% and errors by ~40%. EDI accelerates order-to-cash and improves accuracy, while quality and shipment dashboards boost transparency and on-time delivery visibility. Self-service portals cut administrative workload by roughly 30%.
- e-invoicing: -60% cost
- error reduction: -40%
- admin time: -30%
- dashboards: improved shipment visibility
Industry conferences and networks
Industry conferences and networks connect Peabody with global buyers and logistics partners, leveraging a 2024 event market recovery to roughly 90% of 2019 activity to re-open pipelines. Thought leadership at conferences elevates brand credibility, while face-to-face meetings shorten deal cycles and boost conversion rates; market intel from panels directly informs strategy.
- Global reach: access to buyers and partners
- Credibility: thought leadership showcases expertise
- Speed: in-person meetings accelerate deals
- Intelligence: real-time market insights
Channels secure baseload & spot coal sales; 3–10 yrs contracts, digital cuts costs
Account managers, brokers, digital portals and conferences together secure baseload and spot sales, align long lead logistics and shorten procurement cycles; coal provided ~16% of US power in 2023. Multi-year contracts (3–10 yrs) anchor cash flow while e-invoicing/EDI and dashboards cut costs, errors and admin time. Brokers add spot liquidity; events restored ~90% of 2019 activity in 2024.
| Channel | Key metric (2023/24) |
|---|---|
| Contracts | 3–10 yrs |
| Market share | Coal ~16% US power (2023) |
| Digital | e-invoicing -60% cost, errors -40%, admin -30% |
| Events | ~90% of 2019 activity (2024) |
Customer Segments
Electric utilities and IPPs
Electric utilities and IPPs rely on Peabody for reliable thermal coal to fuel baseload and peaking plants; coal still provides roughly 36% of global electricity in 2024. Customers prioritize low delivered cost, emissions profile and delivery certainty, with contracts commonly spanning 1–10 years and tied to regulatory/capacity obligations. Key services include fuel forecasting and rail coordination; benchmark seaborne thermal prices averaged near $120/ton in 2024.
Integrated and EAF steelmakers
Blast furnace operators demand consistent metallurgical coal qualities for coke production to meet throughput and coke-reactivity specs; global crude steel output was about 1.85 billion tonnes in 2024, underscoring steady BF demand. EAF steelmakers increasingly use PCI and blending inputs—U.S. EAF share reached roughly 65% in 2024—so Peabody can target PCI-grade coals. Performance and cleanliness command premiums tied to yield and emissions intensity, while logistics flexibility reduces mill downtime and supports tight scheduling.
Industrial users
Industrial users—cement plants, chemical producers and district heating operators—are major thermal coal consumers with fuel specs varying by kiln type and process requirements. Price stability and delivery reliability are critical for continuous operation and cost control. Smaller-volume requirements are often fulfilled via traders or short-term contracts. Cement production accounts for about 7% of global CO2 emissions, underscoring industrial coal demand pressures.
Commodity traders and marketers
Commodity traders and marketers aggregate demand and manage arbitrage across regions, enabling Peabody to optimize realized prices; seaborne coal trade was about 1.1 billion tonnes in 2023–24, underpinning cross-border flows. Flexible contract terms support opportunistic sales and market timing, while traders provide access to diverse end markets and logistics solutions. Value-add services commonly include freight sourcing and structured financing to bridge payment and delivery gaps.
- Intermediation: aggregation and arbitrage
- Market access: diverse end markets
- Contracts: flexible, opportunistic sales
- Value-add: freight and financing
International power producers
International power producers, especially utilities in Asia, sourced about 70% of global seaborne thermal coal demand in 2024. Index-linked contracts tied to Newcastle and regional benchmarks (API2/API4) align pricing with local markets. Consistent quality (5,800–6,500 kcal/kg) sustains plant efficiency and emissions performance. Port and vessel coordination—turnarounds of ~5–7 days in major Asian hubs—is critical.
- region: Asia ~70% (2024)
- pricing: Newcastle / API2 / API4 index-linked
- quality: 5,800–6,500 kcal/kg
- logistics: 5–7 day vessel turnaround
Low-cost, low-emission coal for utilities and steelmakers; 36% of power
Utilities/IPPs (coal = 36% of global electricity, 2024) need low delivered cost, emissions profile and 1–10y delivery certainty; benchmark thermal ~$120/t (2024). BF steelmakers (global crude steel 1.85bn t, 2024) require consistent metallurgical quality; EAF/PCI growth offers blend opportunities. Traders/industrial buyers drive flexible contracts; seaborne trade ~1.1bn t (2023–24), Asia ≈70% demand (2024).
| Segment | 2024 metric | Key needs |
|---|---|---|
| Utilities/IPPs | 36% power; $120/t | cost, emissions, delivery |
| BF steelmakers | 1.85bn t steel | consistent coke/PCI quality |
| Traders/Industrial | 1.1bn t seaborne; Asia 70% | flexible contracts, logistics |
Cost Structure
Mining operations and stripping
Drilling, blasting, overburden removal and loading dominate Peabody’s operating costs, with geology and strip ratios directly driving unit economics and cash cost per ton. Equipment maintenance, parts spend and availability materially impact fleet productivity and cost volatility. Continuous improvement programs target lower cost per ton through fleet optimization, predictive maintenance and cycle-time reductions. Operational execution thus directly links to margin performance.
Labor, safety, and benefits
Skilled workforce compensation and continuous training represent a major portion of Peabody’s operating expense, supporting proficiency in complex mining operations. Ongoing investment in safety programs and PPE reduces incident rates and regulatory risk. Retention, shift planning and labor flexibility drive operational efficiency and cost per ton. Community hiring initiatives strengthen local labor pools and stabilize workforce availability.
Transportation and handling
Rail tariffs, port fees and vessel freight drive delivered coal cost and in 2024 shipping volatility kept bulk freight elevated, with demurrage exposures often exceeding $10,000/day on delayed capesize fixtures. Stockpile, storage and handling charges accumulate across the chain and add materially to unit costs. Demurrage and detention risks require active terminal scheduling and contractual clauses. Fixed transport contracts and freight hedges mitigate price volatility.
Capital expenditures and maintenance
- 2024 total capex ~ $140M
- Sustaining capex ≈ 2/3 of total
- Growth capex targets panels, pits, productivity
- Planned maintenance improves availability
- Vendor agreements lower lifecycle costs
Regulatory, royalties, and reclamation
Permitting, monitoring, and environmental compliance for Peabody incur multi-million-dollar program costs, with individual mine permitting often costing 0.5–5 million and ongoing monitoring running into hundreds of thousands annually in 2024.
Royalties and taxes vary by jurisdiction and lease terms, commonly 5–12.5% royalty range; financial assurance and progressive reclamation obligations total industry liabilities often in the hundreds of millions; mandatory reporting and audits (annual/quarterly) ensure adherence in 2024.
- Permitting costs: 0.5–5 million per mine
- Ongoing monitoring: hundreds of thousands/year
- Royalties: 5–12.5% typical
- Reclamation liabilities: hundreds of millions
- Reporting/audits: annual/quarterly
Drilling, blasting and freight push cash costs; 2024 capex ≈ $140M
Drilling, blasting, overburden removal and loading drive unit costs, while equipment maintenance and labor materially affect productivity and cash cost per ton. 2024 total capex ~ $140M with sustaining ≈ two‑thirds; rail/port freight and demurrage (often > $10,000/day) raised delivered costs. Permitting per mine 0.5–5M; royalties commonly 5–12.5%, reclamation liabilities in the hundreds of millions.
| Cost category | 2024 metric | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Opex (mining) | Drilling/blast/haul dominant | Drives cash cost/ton |
| Capex | Total ~$140M; sustaining ≈66% | Maintains availability |
| Transport | Demurrage >$10k/day | Raises delivered cost |
| Permitting/Env | 0.5–5M/mine | Fixed compliance spend |
| Royalties | 5–12.5% | Reduces margin |
Revenue Streams
Domestic thermal coal sales
Domestic thermal coal sales serve U.S. utilities and industrial users under term and spot contracts, with pricing via fixed, index-linked, or band structures plus quality adjustments; rail-delivered contracts often include fuel and freight pass-throughs. U.S. power-sector coal consumption hovered near 370 million short tons in 2023–24, driving seasonal volume shifts that peak in winter and summer.
Seaborne thermal coal exports
Seaborne thermal coal exports ship to international power producers from Australian and U.S. ports, with Peabody directing roughly 26.3 million tonnes of seaborne thermal coal in 2024 into Asia, Latin America and Europe. Cargoes are benchmarked to regional indices such as Newcastle and API2 under FOB or CIF terms, while freight rate swings materially affect realized prices and blending premiums reward higher-specification coal.
Seaborne metallurgical coal sales
Revenue from hard coking, PCI and semi-soft coals to steelmakers is largely index-linked with monthly or quarterly resets; quality premiums/penalties in 2024 adjusted for CSR, ash and volatility, and long-term contracts continued to stabilise volumes and cashflow for Peabody, with seaborne metallurgical sales forming a core predictable revenue stream.
Logistics and service-related income
Logistics and service income centers on per-ton fees and handling margins for blending, scheduling and stockpile management, with port optionality adding premium uplifts; industry estimates in 2024 show seaborne coal trade near 1.15 billion tonnes, supporting scale economies that lift handling margins.
Peabody-style pass-throughs include admin margins on freight and fuel (typically 1–3%); contracts often include performance incentives—bonuses for >95% on-time delivery—to protect reliability and revenue.
- Fees per ton for handling and blending
- Stockpile/port optionality premium
- Pass-throughs with 1–3% admin margins
- Performance incentives for >95% reliability
Other and hedging-related gains
Seaborne exports and met coal underpin resilient margins and logistics fees
Peabody earns from domestic thermal coal (U.S. power/industrial term and spot contracts; U.S. coal demand ~370M short tons 2023–24), seaborne thermal exports (~26.3M tonnes handled by Peabody in 2024) and metallurgical coal to steelmakers; logistics/handling fees, 1–3% freight/admin pass-through margins, performance incentives (>95% on-time) and hedging/royalties add volatility-managed income.
| Metric | 2024 Value |
|---|---|
| U.S. coal demand | ~370M st |
| Peabody seaborne | 26.3M t |
| Global seaborne trade | ~1.15B t |
| Admin margins | 1–3% |