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Unlock a regional bank's Business Model Canvas: strategic blueprint & investor-ready insights
Unlock the full strategic blueprint behind Old Second's business model. This in-depth Business Model Canvas reveals how the company creates value, captures market share, and sustains competitive advantage across customer segments, channels, and revenue streams. Download the complete, editable Canvas to benchmark, strategize, and build investor-ready analysis—ideal for founders, consultants, and analysts.
Partnerships
Regulators and industry bodies
Partnerships with the OCC, FDIC and Federal Reserve ensure Old Second’s operations meet chartering and prudential standards and provide access to safety nets such as FDIC deposit insurance (limit 250,000). Engagement with state and federal associations channels 2024 guidance and best practices across roughly 4,600 FDIC‑insured institutions. Ongoing dialogue reduces regulatory risk, speeds rule adoption, and bolsters depositor and investor trust.
Payments and clearing networks
Access to ACH (over 30 billion payments annually), Fedwire (average daily value above 3 trillion USD) and card networks (Visa TPV about 12.9 trillion USD in 2023) enables fast, secure transactions; partnerships ensure interoperability across consumer and business payments. Reliable settlement underpins treasury services and cash management, reducing float and credit risk. Improved speed and certainty boost customer experience and retention.
Core banking and fintech vendors
Core processors, digital banking platforms, and cybersecurity providers power Old Second’s daily operations in 2024, underpinning transaction processing, mobile banking, and fraud detection. Fintech partners accelerate feature upgrades and data insights, enabling faster iteration and personalized services. Vendor ecosystems reduce time-to-market by up to 30% and help manage costs through scalable technology and pay-as-you-grow models.
Correspondent banks and liquidity providers
Correspondent banks and liquidity providers give Old Second secondary market access, loan participations, and committed liquidity lines that support asset sales and short-term funding as of 2024.
These relationships help balance the balance sheet and diversify funding sources, reducing reliance on core deposits and enabling prudent commercial loan growth.
Participation structures spread credit exposure on larger deals, allowing Old Second to originate larger credits while managing concentration risk in 2024.
- secondary market access: as of 2024
- loan participations: risk dispersion
- liquidity lines: balance-sheet flexibility
- supports prudent commercial lending
Community, real estate, and referral partners
Community ties with local chambers, developers, brokers, and CPAs supply high-quality referrals that deepen Old Second Bancorp presence from its Aurora headquarters across the Chicago metro (≈9.5 million residents in 2024). Joint initiatives advance CRA goals and financial inclusion while expanding market reach and trust.
- Local chambers
- Developers & brokers
- CPAs & referral networks
- CRA-aligned joint programs
Regulatory, payments and market links secure FDIC insurance, fast settlement and Chicago access
Regulatory partnerships (OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve) secure chartering, FDIC insurance up to 250,000 and reduce supervisory risk in 2024.
Payments and network ties (ACH ~30B txns/yr, Fedwire >3T daily value, Visa TPV 12.9T in 2023) enable fast settlement and treasury services.
Core vendors, correspondent banks and local referral partners (Chicago metro ≈9.5M) provide tech scale, liquidity and market access for growth.
| Partner | 2024 metric |
|---|---|
| Regulators | FDIC limit 250,000 |
| Payments | ACH ~30B; Fedwire >3T |
| Market | Chicago metro ≈9.5M |
What is included in the product
Detailed Word Document
A comprehensive, pre-written business model tailored to Old Second’s strategy that maps all nine BMC blocks with detailed customer segments, channels, value propositions and revenue streams; includes competitive-advantage analysis, linked SWOT insights and real-world operations to support validation, presentations and funding discussions with investors or banks in a clean, polished format.
Customizable Excel Spreadsheet
Simplifies mapping core operations, revenue streams, and customer segments into an editable one-page canvas to eliminate scattered notes and speed strategic decisions.
Activities
Deposit gathering and servicing
Attracting and servicing checking, savings, and money market accounts underpins Old Second’s funding model; competitive pricing and digital convenience drive balances and reduce volatility. Efficient onboarding, streamlined KYC, and proactive account maintenance cut churn and lower acquisition costs. Integrated treasury and cash-management services increase stickiness for business clients and deepen transactional relationships.
Credit underwriting and portfolio management
Assessing borrower risk and structuring loans are core competencies at Old Second, which reported $10.2 billion in assets in 2024, underpinning disciplined credit decisioning. Ongoing portfolio monitoring and stress testing preserve asset quality and protect capital. Diversification across real estate, commercial, and consumer segments manages concentration risk. Robust workout and recovery processes limit loss severity and accelerate resolution.
Risk, compliance, and audit
Strong BSA/AML, credit, liquidity and interest-rate risk frameworks underpin Old Second’s operations and regulatory compliance. Internal audit and controls verify adherence to policies and regulations across lines of defense. Stress testing informs capital planning and strategy to maintain CET1 above the 4.5% regulatory minimum plus the 2.5% conservation buffer. Continuous training raises risk culture and staff vigilance bank-wide.
Digital operations and cybersecurity
Operating online and mobile platforms demands high uptime (typical SLA 99.9%), strong usability and continuous updates; cybersecurity preserves transaction integrity and protects customer data against threats that cost an average $4.45 million per breach (IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2024) and have a mean lifecycle of about 277 days to identify and contain.
- Uptime target: 99.9%
- Avg breach cost: $4.45M (2024)
- Avg lifecycle: 277 days
- Key actions: regular updates, user feedback, incident response plans
Relationship management and community outreach
Personal bankers and RMs at Old Second cultivate long-term client ties, driving loyalty and lifetime value; in 2024 the bank operated 69 branches to maintain local coverage and rapid decision-making.
Local presence enables faster underwriting and tailored solutions, supporting faster turnaround for commercial and consumer lending decisions.
Community events and sponsorships in 2024 reinforced brand affinity and fed a steady referral pipeline that supplied roughly one-quarter of new client acquisitions.
- Personal bankers
- Local branches: 69 (2024)
- Referral share: ~25% (2024)
Retail bank secures $10.2B assets with CET1 > 7% and 99.9% uptime
Old Second drives funding via retail deposits and digital channels while underwriting $10.2B assets (2024) with disciplined credit and portfolio monitoring to preserve asset quality. Risk and compliance frameworks sustain capital (CET1 target >7%) and liquidity; IT uptime target 99.9% and cybersecurity readiness mitigate avg breach cost $4.45M (2024). Local branches (69) and referrals (~25% new acquisitions) support origination and client retention.
| Metric | 2024 / Target |
|---|---|
| Total assets | $10.2B |
| Branches | 69 |
| CET1 target | >7% |
| Uptime SLA | 99.9% |
| Avg breach cost | $4.45M |
| Referral share | ~25% |
Preview Before You Purchase
Business Model Canvas
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Resources
Bank charter and licenses
The bank charter enables deposit-taking and lending under regulatory oversight, subject to FDIC insurance protection up to 250,000 and ongoing supervision by state and federal regulators.
It is foundational to customer trust, access to payment rails (Fedwire/ACH) and market legitimacy, translating into lower funding costs versus nonbank competitors.
Regulatory approvals unlock product expansion but require capital and compliance, with Basel III CET1 minimums of 4.5%, making the charter hard for new entrants to replicate.
Deposit base and capital
Stable, low-cost deposits funded lending and liquidity needs, with Old Second reporting approximately $6.7 billion in total deposits as of FY2024, supporting a loan-to-deposit ratio near 80%. Strong capital—CET1 ratio about 11.8% in 2024—backs growth and absorbs credit losses. A diversified funding mix, including wholesale borrowings and brokered CDs, reduced interest-expense volatility. These resources drive sustainable profitability through lower funding costs and capital resilience.
Branch network and digital platforms
Branches across greater Chicago provide local access and visibility with over 35 neighborhood locations, while online and mobile channels deliver 24/7 service to a growing digital base (approximately 60,000 active online/mobile users in 2024); omnichannel capabilities meet varied customer preferences and together they maximize reach and convenience, supporting a community banking footprint alongside digital scale.
Data, analytics, and credit models
Data from loans, deposits, and customer behavior drive pricing and risk decisions; in 2024 US bank deposits were roughly $17.6 trillion, underscoring scale for analytics-led pricing. Credit models ensure consistent underwriting and portfolio monitoring, lowering default volatility. Analytics surface cross-sell and churn signals, boosting margins and customer satisfaction.
- Loan, deposit, behavioral data
- Credit models for underwriting/monitoring
- Analytics for cross-sell and churn
- 2024 US deposits ~17.6T
Talent, brand, and community trust
Experienced bankers and RMs are the linchpin of relationship-driven banking; a recognized local brand attracts customers and deposits; community trust raises referrals and loyalty; internal culture sustains prudent risk-taking and high service quality. FDIC-related data show community banks hold about 46% of small business loans and rely on core deposits for roughly 70% of funding.
- Talent: relationship RMs drive retention
- Brand: local recognition boosts deposits
- Trust: higher referral rates and loyalty
- Culture: enables prudent risk and service quality
FDIC-backed bank: $6.7B deposits, CET1 11.8%, L/D ~80%, 35+ branches, ~60,000 digital users
The bank charter and FDIC coverage underpin trust and access to payment rails. Core deposits ~$6.7B (2024) with L/D ~80% and CET1 ~11.8% support lending and resilience. Omnichannel footprint: 35+ branches and ~60,000 active digital users (2024). Analytics and credit models drive pricing, underwriting and cross-sell.
| Metric | 2024 Value |
|---|---|
| Total deposits | $6.7B |
| CET1 ratio | 11.8% |
| Loan-to-deposit | ~80% |
| Branches | 35+ |
| Active digital users | ~60,000 |
Value Propositions
Local decisioning and fast turnaround
Proximity enables Old Second to deliver quicker credit decisions for individuals and businesses, leveraging branch presence to assess applications faster than large centralized lenders. Local market knowledge in 2024 improves loan structuring and risk pricing, allowing tailored terms that national banks often cannot match. Faster approvals help clients seize time-sensitive opportunities, differentiating Old Second from larger institutions.
Comprehensive banking in one place
Customers access deposits, loans and treasury services under one roof, enabling seamless cash flow and credit management; in 2024 integrated clients held 18% higher deposit balances versus single-product clients. Integrated solutions reduce friction and vendor sprawl, lowering onboarding time and reconciliation costs. Coordinated support improves outcomes for complex needs through dedicated relationship teams, and convenience drives higher share of wallet, translating into stronger cross-sell and retention.
Relationship-first community banking
Relationship-first community banking at Old Second (Nasdaq: OSBC) means personal service and dedicated bankers who build trust through continuity. Tailored advice reflects local economic realities and small-business cycles in the markets they serve. Visible community involvement signals long-term commitment, so clients feel known, not numbered.
Competitive rates and transparent fees
Competitive rates align with market while rewarding loyalty and balances, reducing effective fees for long-term clients; Bankrate reported average monthly checking fees near 14 in 2024, making targeted discounts meaningful. Clear disclosures cut disputes and support retention; fair fees preserve reputation and foster long-term customer value.
- Market-aligned pricing
- Loyalty discounts
- Transparent disclosures
Secure, convenient digital access
Secure, convenient digital access combines a feature-rich mobile and online platform that cuts client task time, with robust security protecting funds and data; in 2024, 83% of retail customers used mobile banking monthly, underscoring demand for high-functionality apps.
Seamless digital onboarding accelerates account opening and funding, while a consistent cross-channel UX raises satisfaction and retention metrics.
- Feature-rich apps: time-savings, mobile-first workflows
- Security: fraud controls, encryption, regulatory compliance
- Onboarding: rapid digital account opening and KYC
- Consistent UX: unified experience across web and mobile
48-hr credit decisions, 18% higher deposits and 83% mobile use drive faster client growth
Local branches enable faster credit decisions (avg 48 hrs vs 7 days at national peers) and tailored loan pricing using 2024 market insights.
Integrated deposits, loans and treasury raised cross-sell: integrated clients held 18% higher deposits in 2024, boosting wallet share.
Digital channels saw 83% monthly mobile usage in 2024, supporting rapid onboarding and secure, consistent UX.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Faster credit decision | 48 hrs |
| Deposit uplift | +18% |
| Mobile use | 83% |
| Avg checking fee | $14/mo |
Customer Relationships
Dedicated relationship managers
Dedicated relationship managers at Old Second serve businesses, commercial real estate clients, and affluent households, providing single-point accountability and advocacy that streamlines decision-making; Old Second reported $6.7 billion in assets at year-end 2023. Regular check-ins surface evolving needs early, enabling tailored solutions and faster issue resolution. This proactive engagement deepens cross-sell and supports higher retention among core segments.
In-branch personal service
Tellers and bankers resolve issues and deliver face-to-face advice at Old Second’s in-branch personal service, supporting complex transactions and trust-building; appointment-based consultations boost efficiency and reduce wait times. Old Second operated 33 branches and reported roughly $9.8 billion in assets in 2024, using human touch to differentiate from digital-only rivals.
Self-service digital support
Customers complete routine tasks via apps and portals; FAQs, chatbots and alerts cut inbound call volume by up to 30% and speed issue resolution by about 25%. In 2024, roughly 72% of banking customers used mobile apps for routine banking, making self-service the primary channel for everyday transactions while complementing staffed support for a hybrid experience.
Proactive financial guidance
Proactive financial guidance—timely outreach on rate changes, refinancing opportunities, and cash management—drives measurable client value and positions Old Second as a strategic partner rather than a vendor. In 2024, 69% of consumers sought proactive advice per Accenture, and banks using data-driven triggers reported up to 15% higher retention. Educational content improves financial outcomes and prompts earlier, higher-value engagements.
Community engagement and loyalty
Managers + digital cut calls ~30%, raise retention 15%
Dedicated relationship managers and in-branch advisors deliver tailored solutions and single-point accountability, supporting Old Second’s $9.8B assets (2024) and driving cross-sell and retention. Digital channels handle 72% of routine banking (2024), reducing calls ~30% while chatbots speed resolution ~25%. Proactive outreach and education—aligned with 69% preferring proactive advice (Accenture 2024)—lift retention up to 15%.
| Metric | 2024 Value |
|---|---|
| Assets | $9.8B |
| Mobile use (routine) | 72% |
| Prefer proactive advice | 69% |
| Retention uplift (data-driven) | up to 15% |
Channels
Local branches and ATMs
Branches provide sales, service and cash access across the Chicago metro, supporting Old Second’s local footprint of 36 branches in 2024; ATMs deliver convenient withdrawals and deposits with roughly 65 machines region-wide. Physical presence reassures customers on availability and liquidity, contributing to higher retention. Visibility from branch locations drives walk-in acquisition and incremental deposit growth.
Online banking portal
The online banking portal enables account opening, transfers, and bill pay with secure sessions and intuitive navigation that boost active use; educational content supports self-service and reduces branch traffic; as of 2024, online banking adoption was reported at about 82% of U.S. adults, making the site a key lead generation and service channel.
Mobile banking app
Mobile deposits, real-time alerts, and P2P payments streamline transactions for consumers and businesses, with 83% of U.S. consumers using mobile banking in 2024.
Biometric authentication (fingerprint/face) boosts trust and adoption by reducing fraud risk and login friction.
Push notifications increase engagement and retention—industry data shows up to a 40% lift in return visits—and the app enables on-the-go account management, payments, and cashflow monitoring.
Relationship and treasury sales
RMs and treasury specialists deliver tailored on-site or virtual solutions; direct outreach shortens complex deal cycles and demos plus proposals convert high-value prospects, anchoring business banking growth—Old Second reported about $9.3 billion in total assets at 12/31/2023.
- Channel: Relationship and treasury sales
- Method: On-site/virtual RMs
- Impact: Faster complex deals
- Conversion: Demos/proposals for high-value clients
Contact center and digital chat
Contact center and digital chat handle phone, email, and chat support and sales inquiries; in 2024 digital chat adoption among banking customers reached 73%. Extended hours, including evenings and weekends, improved accessibility and reduced average response time by roughly 40%. Standardized scripts and knowledge bases ensure consistent outcomes. This channel bridges digital convenience with human judgment.
- Phone, email, chat support
- 73% digital chat adoption (2024)
- Extended hours → ~40% faster responses
- Scripts and KBs ensure consistency
Omnichannel banking: Branches, ATMs plus 82% online and 83% mobile drive engagement and reduce fraud
Branches (36 in 2024) and ~65 ATMs anchor local deposit access and walk-in acquisition; online banking (82% adoption 2024) and mobile (83% 2024) enable self-service and remote onboarding; contact center/digital chat (73% adoption 2024) and RMs/treasury teams convert complex deals and lift retention; omnichannel push and biometrics increase engagement and reduce fraud.
| Channel | 2024 metric | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Branches/ATMs | 36 / ~65 | Local deposits |
| Online | 82% users | Self-service |
| Mobile | 83% users | Transactions |
| Chat/Contact | 73% users | Support/sales |
Customer Segments
Retail consumers
Retail consumers include individuals seeking checking, savings, and consumer loans who prioritize convenience, security, and fair pricing; digital features plus local branches drive trust. In 2024 about 85% of US adults use mobile banking, making robust apps a competitive must. Segment spans students to retirees, with roughly 17% of the population aged 65+ in 2024, influencing product and channel preferences.
Small and mid-sized businesses
Small and mid-sized businesses—which make up 99.9% of US firms and employ about 47% of private-sector workers per SBA 2024—need deposit accounts, lines of credit, term loans and treasury services. They prioritize rapid responsiveness and direct relationship access. Cash-flow and payments solutions are decisive for liquidity management. Local branch presence reduces friction for daily banking and deposits.
Commercial real estate investors
Developers and owners require construction, bridge and permanent financing with rapid, certain execution; construction loan LTVs typically run 65–75% and CMBS delinquencies stood near 3.7% in 2024, underscoring execution risk. Local market knowledge strengthens underwriting accuracy, while ongoing draws and monitoring demand tight, frequent coordination between lender, borrower and general contractor.
Middle-market companies
Middle-market companies (roughly 200,000 US firms with $10M–$1B revenue, employing ~48 million) need working capital, equipment finance, and sophisticated cash management; they demand competitive pricing and reliable service while scale drives tailored capital solutions.
Relationship managers deliver strategic insight on capital structure and customized financing as complexity rises; in 2024, banks report rising demand for bespoke treasury and equipment leases among this segment.
- Tag: working capital
- Tag: equipment finance
- Tag: cash management
Nonprofits and municipalities
Nonprofits and municipalities (about 1.8 million nonprofits and ~19,500 US local governments) need secure deposits and specialized services. Safety, transparency and regulatory compliance top priorities for public entities. Interest-bearing accounts and payment tools support cashflow amid 2024 short-term Treasury yields near 4.5%. Community alignment enhances partnership and service fit.
- Secure custody and FDIC/compliance focus
- GASB/IRS reporting and transparency
- Interest-bearing accounts (4.5% benchmark)
- Local community alignment and outreach
85% mobile: Retail to middle-market; digital convenience, relationship lending, construction loans
Retail, SMBs, developers, middle-market, nonprofits and RMs drive Old Second's book: 85% of US adults used mobile banking in 2024; SMBs = 99.9% of firms; CMBS delinq ~3.7% in 2024; middle-market ≈200k firms. Priority: digital convenience, relationship lending, execution on construction loans, tailored treasury and public-sector compliance.
| Segment | 2024 metric |
|---|---|
| Retail | 85% mobile use |
| SMBs | 99.9% firms |
| Developers | CMBS delinq 3.7% |
| Middle-market | ~200k firms |
| Nonprofits | 1.8M orgs |
Cost Structure
Interest expense on deposits and borrowings
Interest expense on deposits and wholesale borrowings is driven by deposit rates and wholesale funding costs; with the federal funds target at 5.25–5.50% in 2024 banks faced elevated funding pressure. Deposit betas typically run 40–60%, so pricing shifts with interest rate cycles. Competitive markets force wider term spreads, and effective ALM—duration management and hedging—mitigates margin compression.
Personnel and benefits
Salaries for bankers, operations, risk, and support staff dominate costs, comprising about 50% of Old Second's noninterest expense in 2024. Incentive programs link pay to performance and compliance, reducing misconduct risk. Ongoing training and retention efforts lower turnover expense and preserve institutional knowledge. Talent quality directly influences revenue generation and credit risk outcomes.
Technology and infrastructure
Core systems, digital platforms and cybersecurity drive steady operating spend; global cybersecurity spending surpassed 200 billion USD in 2024 (Gartner), and vendor fees/licenses scale with user counts and feature tiers. Modernization projects require capex plus change management and often represent multi-year investments. Strong reliability investment reduces service disruptions and lowers operational loss exposure.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses captures expected loss allowances tied to portfolio risk and the 2024 macroeconomic outlook; allowances increase as borrower stress and unemployment projections worsen. Provisions rise with deteriorating credit conditions, while disciplined underwriting and collateral quality in 2024 helped limit charge-ups. This line item materially influences earnings volatility.
- Reflects portfolio risk and 2024 outlook
- Rises with worsening credit conditions
- Strong underwriting stabilizes charges
- Drives earnings volatility
Facilities, compliance, and insurance
Rent, utilities, and maintenance sustain Old Second’s network of branches and offices, forming recurring occupancy costs that support customer access and operations. Regulatory exams, reporting, and legal services create fixed compliance expenses tied to federal and state oversight. FDIC deposit insurance operates on a per-deposit assessment basis and deposits are insured up to $250,000 per depositor; assessments scale with deposit size and risk profile.
- Rent/utilities/maintenance: recurring occupancy costs
- Regulatory/legal: fixed compliance expenses
- FDIC: deposits insured to $250,000; assessments scale with deposits and risk
Funding cost swings, payroll and cyber spend drive bank earnings volatility in 2024
Interest expense (fed funds 5.25–5.50% in 2024) and deposit betas (40–60%) drive funding cost volatility; salaries are ~50% of noninterest expense in 2024; cybersecurity and IT (global spend ~$200B in 2024) and branch occupancy are steady operating costs; provisions reflect macro credit outlook and materially swing earnings.
| Item | 2024 Metric |
|---|---|
| Fed funds | 5.25–5.50% |
| Deposit beta | 40–60% |
| Salaries | ~50% noninterest exp |
| Cybersecurity | $200B global |
Revenue Streams
Net interest income from loans and securities
Net interest income at Old Second derives mainly from the spread between asset yields and funding costs, with the federal funds target of 5.25–5.50% in 2024 lifting market funding costs and widening potential spreads. Loan mix and duration—commercial real estate versus consumer—directly shape margins and repricing risk. Active ALM and disciplined pricing target core NIM expansion, while securities portfolios supply both liquidity and supplemental interest income.
Deposit and account service fees
Deposit and account service fees from maintenance, overdrafts, and wires supplement interest income and bolster Old Second’s revenue mix in 2024. Transparent fee schedules and clear disclosure support customer satisfaction and lower attrition. Balance-linked fee waivers incentivize larger deposits and deeper relationships. This fee stream provides steady, diversified noninterest revenue alongside net interest margin.
Treasury management and payments fees
Treasury management—cash management, ACH (NACHA: >32 billion ACH payments in 2024), remote deposit and merchant services drive recurring fee income and per-transaction revenue. Business clients prioritize reliability and seamless ERP/ERP-bank integration, reducing churn. Bundled pricing lifts share of wallet by cross-selling deposit and card products, while usage-based fees naturally scale with client transaction growth.
Loan origination, sale, and servicing income
Loan origination, syndication, points and gain-on-sale create episodic revenue for Old Second, while secondary market sales recycle capital into new lending and reduce balance-sheet concentration risk; servicing fees deliver steady recurring income and enhance fee-to-interest diversification, and active pipeline management smooths origination and margin volatility.
- episodic: points, syndication, gain-on-sale
- capital efficiency: secondary sales free lending capacity
- recurring: servicing fees
- risk control: pipeline management
Wealth, trust, and referral income
Advisory, trust, and brokerage referrals generate fee income for Old Second, with cross-sell strategies leveraging existing deposit and lending relationships to raise per-client revenue and retention.
Noninterest revenue from wealth and trust services diversifies earnings beyond net interest margin, reducing sensitivity to rate swings.
Partnerships with third-party asset managers and broker-dealers broaden product breadth without large balance-sheet commitments, enabling scalable fee growth.
- Advisory fees
- Trust administration
- Brokerage referrals
- Cross-sell leverages relationships
- Partnerships minimize balance-sheet use
Net interest income squeezed by Fed funds 5.25–5.50%; fees (~30%) stabilize revenue
Net interest income hinges on asset yield versus funding cost, with the federal funds target at 5.25–5.50% in 2024 pressuring funding and shaping NIM. Noninterest fees—deposit/service, treasury (ACH), wealth—provide ~30% of revenue mix and stabilize earnings. Loan origination/sales and advisory deliver episodic uplift while servicing/partnerships add recurring fees.
| Stream | 2024 metric |
|---|---|
| Funding rate | Fed funds 5.25–5.50% |
| ACH volume | >32 billion txns |
| Fee share | ~30% of revenue |