OCBC Bank Business Model Canvas
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Bank Business Model Canvas: customer value, distribution, and revenue for retail & corporate
Explore OCBC Bank’s Business Model Canvas to uncover how it creates customer value, scales distribution, and secures revenue across retail and corporate banking. This concise yet insightful snapshot highlights partnerships, channels, and cost drivers. Purchase the full Canvas for the complete nine-block analysis, editable templates, and strategic takeaways to inform investments or planning.
Partnerships
Regulators and central banks
OCBC collaborates closely with regulators such as MAS to maintain compliance and systemic stability; as one of Singapore's three domestic banks in 2024 it engages in MAS-led prudential supervision, resolution planning and licensing. These relationships enable access to payment rails and clearing systems including FAST, PayNow and MAS RTGS. Regular engagement builds credibility and customer trust.
Payment networks and processors
Partnerships with Visa, Mastercard, UnionPay and local schemes enable OCBC’s card issuance, merchant acquiring and cross-border rails, with global schemes covering over 90% of card acceptance worldwide. These partners supply advanced fraud detection and tokenization, boosting card security and digital wallet onboarding. Co-branding and interchange arrangements improve card economics and merchant margins, while joint initiatives accelerate contactless and wallet innovation across SEA markets.
Fintech and technology providers
Alliances with core banking vendors, cloud providers and fintechs—notably OCBC’s strategic Google Cloud partnership announced in 2020—accelerate digital feature delivery and API-led integration. They enable AI, analytics, KYC and cybersecurity capabilities and leverage sandboxes such as MAS’s 2016 framework and co-creation programs to cut time-to-market. Integration improves customer experience and reduces operating friction.
Insurance and asset management affiliates
OCBC’s insurance and asset-management affiliates, Great Eastern and Lion Global Investors, anchor bancassurance and investment offerings with integrated product design tailored to customer risk profiles and life-stage needs; Lion Global reported over S$85bn AUM in 2024 and Great Eastern remains a top regional insurer in market share.
- Joint product design → aligned to life-stage risk
- Distribution synergies → cross-sell uplift
- Shared consented data → better personalization
Correspondent and clearing banks
Global correspondent and clearing banks enable OCBC’s cross-border payments, trade finance and FX settlement, extending the bank’s reach into new markets and currencies and underpinning corporate treasury and trade corridors; OCBC operates in 18 markets as of 2024.
- Presence: 18 markets (2024)
- Function: reciprocal lines for liquidity and client servicing across major trade corridors
Bank partners with MAS, card networks and cloud allies to scale payments, digital AUM growth
OCBC partners with MAS for prudential supervision, payment rails (FAST, PayNow, RTGS) and resolution planning, supporting operations across 18 markets (2024).
Card networks (Visa, Mastercard, UnionPay) enable issuance and acceptance >90% globally; co-branding and fraud tech improve economics and security.
Tech alliances (Google Cloud since 2020), fintechs and bancassurance (Lion Global AUM S$85bn, 2024) accelerate digital products, analytics and cross-sell.
| Partner Type | Key Metric (2024) |
|---|---|
| Regulators | 18 markets |
| Card Networks | >90% global acceptance |
| Asset Mgmt | Lion Global S$85bn AUM |
What is included in the product
Detailed Word Document
A comprehensive, pre-written Business Model Canvas tailored to OCBC Bank, covering the nine BMC blocks—customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structure—with real-world operations, competitive advantages, SWOT-linked insights and a polished format ideal for presentations, funding discussions, and strategic validation.
Customizable Excel Spreadsheet
High-level view of OCBC Bank’s business model with editable cells, saving hours of formatting while condensing strategy into a digestible one-page snapshot for boardrooms, teams, and fast deliverables.
Activities
Deposit gathering and lending
OCBC mobilizes deposits and extends credit to retail, SME and corporate clients, pricing risk, structuring loans and managing collateral. Portfolio monitoring and credit governance maintain asset quality; OCBC reported a CET1 ratio of about 13% in 2024. Balance-sheet optimisation sustains margins and liquidity through funding diversification and active loan‑deposit management.
Risk, compliance, and governance
OCBC manages credit, market, liquidity and operational risk via centralized frameworks and limits; AML/CFT, sanctions screening and regulatory reporting are run group-wide to meet MAS and international standards. Internal audit and control functions safeguard financial integrity, while stress testing and ICAAP underpin capital planning in line with MAS 2024 supervisory expectations.
Digital platform development
OCBC continuously enhances mobile, web and API platforms to boost engagement across its over 9 million customers, focusing on secure, scalable microservices and frictionless user journeys. Robust data pipelines enable personalization and real-time insights, supporting targeted product offers and risk controls. Cyber defense and resilience—backed by continuous monitoring and incident response—remain core to platform strategy.
Wealth and advisory services
Advisors deliver portfolio construction, discretionary mandates and comprehensive financial planning across client segments; suitability and advisory frameworks govern recommendations and risk profiling. Product curation spans funds, bonds, equities, insurance and alternatives to meet return, income and legacy objectives. Regular client reviews realign portfolios to changing goals and market conditions.
- Advisory: portfolio construction, discretionary mandates, financial planning
- Products: funds, bonds, equities, insurance, alternatives
- Governance: suitability and advisory frameworks
- Client care: periodic reviews to align goals
Treasury and markets operations
Treasury manages funding, liquidity buffers and interest-rate risk with ALM aligning structural risks to OCBC’s strategy; Singapore/Basel III LCR minimum is 100%. Markets teams provide FX, rates and derivatives solutions to institutional and corporate clients. Trading and sales collaborate on execution and hedging to convert risk positions into client solutions.
- Top-three Singapore bank
- LCR regulatory floor 100%
- Focus: FX, rates, derivatives
- ALM aligns funding, liquidity, interest-rate profiles
Top-three Singapore bank: CET1 ~13%, customers >9M, LCR 100%
OCBC mobilizes deposits and originates and services loans across retail, SME and corporate segments, with tight credit governance and portfolio monitoring; reported CET1 ~13% in 2024. It manages liquidity and ALM to maintain a regulatory LCR floor of 100% and diversified funding. Digital platforms serve over 9 million customers, supporting product distribution, risk analytics and cyber resilience.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| CET1 ratio | ~13% |
| Customers | >9 million |
| LCR | 100% regulatory floor |
| Market position | Top-three Singapore bank |
Full Document Unlocks After Purchase
Business Model Canvas
The OCBC Bank Business Model Canvas you’re previewing is the actual deliverable—not a mockup—and shows the same content and layout you’ll receive after purchase. Upon completion of your order you’ll get the full, ready-to-edit document in Word and Excel formats. No hidden pages, no fillers—what you see is what you’ll download and use.
Resources
Brand, trust, and customer base
A strong regional brand, as one of Singapore’s largest banks by assets, and a customer base exceeding 5 million underpin OCBC’s deposits and loyalty. High trust lowers acquisition costs and churn, improving lifetime value metrics. The bank’s reputation secures premium partnership deals across SEA and supports pricing power in core SME and wealth segments.
Capital, liquidity, and balance sheet
OCBC sustains robust capital — CET1 ~14.0% at end-2024 — and diversified funding across deposits, wholesale and capital markets, supporting resilience. Liquidity buffers — LCR around 130% — enable shock absorption. A S$620bn-plus balance sheet underpins scalable lending and investments, while A/A3 ratings lower funding costs.
Data, analytics, and technology stack
Cloud, core systems, and consolidated data platforms enable real-time insights across OCBC’s operations in 2024, reducing decision latency and supporting instant monitoring. Analytics power risk models and personalized offers, improving credit precision and customer relevance. Robust APIs allow ecosystem integrations with partners, while advanced cyber capabilities protect assets and customer privacy.
Human capital and expertise
Bankers, RMs, product specialists and risk professionals at OCBC deliver client solutions and balance-sheet management, supported by a culture and governance framework that aligns behaviour; OCBC employs over 40,000 staff (2024) and leverages networks across Southeast Asia to source deal flow and partnerships.
- Human resources: over 40,000 employees (2024)
- Standards: formal training and certifications for RMs and specialists
- Governance: culture and risk frameworks align incentives
- Networks: regional branches and partner channels drive deal flow
Physical and digital distribution
OCBC sustains local presence through branches and ATMs for cash and advisory access, while mobile and web channels scale service delivery and reduce transaction costs. Contact centres and chat support provide hybrid care for complex and routine enquiries. Regional coverage across 18 countries and territories enables coordinated cross-border support and wealth-management connectivity.
- Branches/ATMs: local access
- Mobile & web: scalable delivery
- Contact centres & chat: hybrid care
- Regional: 18 countries/territories
5m+ customers, >S$620bn assets, strong capital & tech scale
OCBC’s brand and 5m+ customers across 18 markets drive deposits, partnerships and pricing power. Capital and liquidity remain strong: CET1 ~14.0%, LCR ~130%, assets >S$620bn (end‑2024). Technology, APIs and 40,000 staff enable real‑time analytics, credit precision and scalable omni‑channel delivery.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Customers | 5m+ |
| Employees | 40,000 |
| CET1 | ~14.0% |
| LCR | ~130% |
| Assets | >S$620bn |
| Ratings | A / A3 |
| Markets | 18 |
Value Propositions
Universal banking convenience
OCBC offers one-bank convenience for daily banking, lending, wealth, insurance and markets, supported by integrated platforms that simplify money management and enable time-saving bundled services; cross-sell drives cohesive experiences across 18 markets and total assets exceeding S$500 billion (2024), improving client retention and share-of-wallet.
Security and regulatory confidence
OCBC, one of Singapore’s top 3 banks with group assets exceeding S$500 billion in 2024, combines strong compliance and advanced cybersecurity to protect clients. Transparent governance and published risk metrics build assurance. Close alignment with MAS and global regulators reduces service interruptions. Clients benefit from robust safeguards and continuity of service.
Personalized wealth and advisory
Tailored portfolios and holistic planning align with varied risk appetites, leveraging OCBC Group’s scale—total assets SGD 622.5 billion (31 Dec 2023)—to access curated products that enhance outcomes. Data-driven insights from transaction and market analytics refine recommendations in real time. Dedicated advisors provide continuity and coordinate multi-asset solutions for each client.
SME and corporate solutions
OCBC SME and corporate solutions drive growth through trade finance, cash management and FX services, supporting over 500,000 SME clients and leveraging a regional network across 18 markets to facilitate cross-border expansion; lending structures are tailored to cash cycles with collateral options and APIs/host-to-host treasury connectivity to reduce processing times.
- Trade finance scale: regional coverage across 18 markets
- Cash management: tailored lending to match cash cycles
- FX support: multi-currency solutions for cross-border trade
- APIs/host-to-host: streamlined treasury integration
Digital-first, omnichannel experience
Digital-first, omnichannel experience delivers intuitive apps, instant payments and self-service tools that cut friction and speed transactions; seamless handoffs to human advisers preserve advisory depth. 24/7 digital availability drives higher customer satisfaction and lowers branch load, while consistent journeys across devices and branches sustain retention for OCBC, a bank with about S$575bn in assets (2023).
- Intuitive apps — faster approvals, fewer drop-offs
- Instant payments — real-time rails, reduced settlement time
- 24/7 & seamless handoffs — digital-first with human escalation
Integrated banking drives cross-sell; S$500bn+ assets, 500,000+ SMEs
OCBC delivers one-bank convenience across retail, wealth, insurance and markets, leveraging integrated platforms to boost cross-sell and retention; group assets S$500bn+ (2024). Strong compliance and cybersecurity with MAS alignment ensure service continuity. Tailored SME and corporate solutions support 500,000+ SMEs across 18 markets with APIs and trade finance.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Group assets | S$500bn+ |
| SME clients | 500,000+ |
| Markets | 18 |
Customer Relationships
Dedicated relationship management
Affluent, private, SME and corporate clients receive RM-led service from OCBC, which in 2024 remains one of Singapore's Big Three banks. Relationship managers coordinate in-house specialists for complex treasury, trade and wealth needs. Regular portfolio and credit reviews keep strategies current and aligned with market shifts. High-touch RM care supports above-industry retention and deeper wallet share.
Self-service and assisted digital care
OCBC leverages mobile, web and chatbots to deliver instant help—industry data in 2024 shows chatbots can resolve up to 70% of routine queries—while live agents handle escalations for complex cases; comprehensive knowledge bases cut resolution times and reduce contact volume; proactive alerts (widely adopted by banks by 2024) keep clients informed of transactions, limits and service updates in real time.
Lifecycle and segment programs
OCBC tailors offers and advisory by life stage and business maturity, leveraging its S$575 billion asset base (FY2023) to support segmented solutions for SMEs and corporates.
Streamlined onboarding journeys cut time-to-first-value through digital KYC and APIs, improving activation rates across segments.
Regular events, webinars and milestone-driven campaigns educate clients and target relevant growth or transition points.
Community and financial education
Loyalty and rewards
Loyalty and rewards at OCBC use card rewards, fee waivers and rate bonuses to drive transaction volume and encourage product usage, with tiered benefits rewarding deeper relationships and unlocking higher privileges. Cross-product perks between retail banking, cards and wealth offerings increase customer stickiness while behavioral data and analytics enable tailored incentives and dynamic offers. Programs focus on lifetime value rather than one-off acquisition.
- Card rewards: drive spend
- Fee waivers: reduce churn
- Rate bonuses: boost deposits
- Tiered benefits: reward depth
- Cross-product perks: increase stickiness
- Data-driven: personalize incentives
RM-led care, Big Three scale, S$575bn, 70% via chatbots
OCBC delivers RM-led, segment-specific care for affluent, SME and corporate clients, leveraging Big Three scale in 2024 and S$575bn assets (FY2023). Digital channels and chatbots (can resolve up to 70% of routine queries in 2024) plus digital KYC speed onboarding and reduce resolution times. Loyalty tiers, events and community programs drive retention and analytics personalise cross-sell.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Assets (FY2023) | S$575bn |
| Chatbot resolution (2024) | Up to 70% |
| Market position (2024) | One of Singapore's Big Three |
Channels
Mobile and internet banking
OCBC mobile and internet banking are the primary channels for daily banking, investments and service, supported by 99% internet penetration in Singapore (2024) which underpins digital reach. Secure authentication including MFA and biometrics enables transactions and protects assets. AI-driven personalization tailors offers to increase engagement. Monthly app updates add features and regulatory fixes.
Branches and wealth centers
OCBC’s branches and dedicated wealth centres deliver face-to-face advice for complex needs while handling account opening, cash services and detailed consultations; they processed a significant share of high-touch client onboarding in 2024. Flagship wealth centres target affluent clients, supporting private banking relationships and advisory flows. Physical presence continues to reinforce trust and cross-sell, with OCBC operating over 200 branches across its core markets in 2024.
Corporate portals and APIs
Corporate clients access OCBC online cash, trade and FX platforms for day-to-day liquidity and FX execution, while OCBC's API Marketplace (launched 2018) embeds banking functions into ERP and treasury systems. Real-time balance and FX feeds in 2024 shortened decision cycles and improved cash forecasting. Secure connectivity and tokenised APIs ensure high availability and regulatory-grade reliability.
ATM and cash networks
OCBCs ATM and cash network provides convenient cash access and deposits across Singapore and regional markets through network partnerships that expand coverage and interoperability. Machines support card services, contactless updates and software patches, while uptime is closely monitored with industry-standard targets above 99% to ensure availability.
- Coverage: regional network partnerships
- Services: cash withdrawals, deposits, card updates
- Reliability: uptime monitoring (target >99%)
- Customer access: multi-jurisdiction convenience
Contact centers and social
Phone, chat and messaging deliver timely support for OCBC customers, resolving queries with SLA-driven response times and serving over 6 million digital customers in 2024; social channels manage outreach and real‑time alerts for fraud and product updates. Service requests are tracked end-to-end via CRM workflows and NPS/feedback loops inform product and process improvements.
Digital-first bank: 6M+ users, 99% SG internet, 200+ branches, >99% ATM uptime
OCBC relies on mobile/internet banking as primary channels, backed by 99% internet penetration in Singapore (2024) and 6M+ digital customers in 2024. Branches and wealth centres (200+ in 2024) provide high-touch advisory and onboarding. Corporate APIs (API Marketplace, 2018) and trade/FX platforms enable embedded treasury services. ATM and cash networks target >99% uptime for regional cash access.
| Channel | 2024 Metric |
|---|---|
| Digital users | 6M+ |
| Internet penetration (SG) | 99% |
| Branches | 200+ |
| ATM uptime target | >99% |
Customer Segments
Mass retail consumers
Mass retail consumers seek deposits, payments and personal loans, driving OCBC retail product demand; about 4.5 million Singaporeans used mobile banking in 2024. They are digital-first with occasional branch visits, highly price- and convenience-sensitive, and prioritise simple, secure services.
Affluent and private banking clients
Affluent and private banking clients demand advisory and bespoke solutions, with OCBC Private Bank managing over SGD 80 billion in wealth assets in 2024 to meet such needs. They require discretion, privileged access and performance, expecting dedicated relationship teams and in-house research coverage. Cross-border planning is common, driven by multi-jurisdictional investments and relocation trends.
Small and medium enterprises
Owner-managed SMEs across industries form a core OCBC segment; in Singapore SMEs accounted for 99% of enterprises and 70% of employment (Enterprise Singapore, 2023). They need working capital, trade finance and cash-management lines sized to volatile receipts. They value fast credit decisions and integrated digital tools for payments and liquidity. Seasonal cash flows—harvest, retail peaks—drive cyclical demand for short-term funding.
Large corporates and institutions
Large corporates and institutions including MNCs, SOEs and financial institutions with complex treasury needs rely on OCBC for FX, markets, syndicated loans and debt capital markets access; clients prioritise reliability, 24/7 global connectivity and tight SLA-driven execution. Integration with ERP and treasury systems is critical for straight-through processing and real-time liquidity visibility; FX market turnover remains ~7.5 trillion USD/day (BIS 2022).
- Client types: MNCs, SOEs, financial institutions
- Core needs: FX, markets, syndicated loans, DCM
- Priorities: reliability, global connectivity, SLA
- Tech: ERP/treasury integration, STP, real-time liquidity
Investors and insurance customers
Investors and insurance customers buy funds, bonds and policies seeking risk-managed returns and protection; many value OCBC advisory and transparent pricing. Bancassurance preferences drive demand for seamless digital-onboarding and omni-channel advisory; bancassurance represented over 40% of Singapore life new business in 2024.
- Clients: retail and HNW investors
- Needs: risk-managed returns, protection
- Value: advice, transparent fees
- Journey: seamless bancassurance & digital onboarding
4.5M mobile users: Singapore demand for digital banking, SME credit and cross-border wealth
Mass retail (4.5m mobile users in 2024) demand deposits, payments and personal credit; digital-first, price- and convenience-sensitive. Affluent/HNW (OCBC PB > SGD80bn AUM in 2024) seek bespoke advice and cross-border planning. SMEs (99% of firms, 70% employment in SG, 2023) need working capital, trade finance and fast credit; corporates/MNCs require FX, DCM, ERP integration (FX turnover ~USD7.5tn/day).
| Segment | 2024/Latest metric | Key need |
|---|---|---|
| Mass retail | 4.5m mobile users (2024) | Deposits, payments, loans |
| Affluent/HNW | OCBC PB >SGD80bn (2024) | Wealth advice, bespoke solutions |
| SMEs | 99% firms, 70% employment (2023) | Working capital, cash mgmt |
| Corporates | FX turnover ~USD7.5tn/day | FX, DCM, treasury integration |
Cost Structure
Interest and funding costs
Interest paid on deposits and wholesale funding is a material cost for OCBC, reflecting market rates and liquidity needs as policy rates rose in 2024; SGD SORA averaged about 3.6% in 2024, lifting funding costs. Pricing of loans and deposits is adjusted to pass through rate moves, while hedging programs (swaps, FRAs) mitigate volatility. Diversified wholesale and customer deposit sources reduce concentration and refinancing risk.
Personnel and relationship costs
Personnel and relationship costs at OCBC are material: group headcount stood at about 29,000 in 2024, driving significant salary and incentive outlays. Specialist talent and senior RMs command premiums, with total compensation for senior RMs often reaching low six‑figure SGD annual packages. OCBC reports sizable investment in training and recruitment to support retention, and performance‑linked pay structures align banker outcomes with client and bank goals.
Technology and cybersecurity spend
OCBC allocates substantial ongoing investment to core systems, cloud, and data to support growth and resilience. Global cybercrime costs were estimated at $8.44 trillion in 2023 and are projected toward $10.5 trillion by 2025, driving continuous cyber defenses and monitoring. Recurring licenses and vendor fees add material costs, and dedicated innovation budgets fund new features and pilots in 2024.
Regulatory, risk, and compliance
Regulatory, risk, and compliance costs at OCBC cover KYC, AML, regulatory reporting and external/internal audits, with ongoing maintenance of policies and controls and operational overhead from remediation and stress-testing programs.
- KYC/AML processing and reporting
- Audit and remediation overhead
- Opportunity cost of capital/liquidity buffers
- Policy and controls maintenance
Operations, premises, and distribution
OCBCs branch networks, ATMs and premises generate significant fixed costs, while processing, call centers and logistics drive variable operating expenses; in 2024 the bank continues to prioritize cost-efficiency through outsourcing and shared services to scale operations. Ongoing investments in resilience and business continuity planning remain a recurring line item as digital channels grow and physical footprints adapt.
- Branch/ATM upkeep
- Processing & call center ops
- Outsourcing/shared services
- Resilience & BCP investments (2024 focus)
SGD SORA ~3.6%, headcount ~29,000 and $8.44tn cyber losses lift 2024 costs
Interest expense rose with SGD SORA ~3.6% in 2024, lifting funding costs and hedging activity. Personnel costs remain material with group headcount ~29,000 in 2024 and higher pay for senior RMs. Ongoing IT, cloud and cyber defenses drive recurring spend; global cybercrime losses were $8.44tn in 2023, influencing 2024 budgets. Regulatory, branch and outsourcing costs sustain fixed and variable expense bases.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| SGD SORA (avg) | ~3.6% |
| Group headcount | ~29,000 |
| Global cybercrime loss (context) | $8.44tn (2023) |
Revenue Streams
Net interest income
Net interest income is driven by the spread between asset yields and funding costs, forming OCBCs core earnings; in 2024 the bank reported a group net interest margin around 1.78%, with NII supported by loans, securities and cash placements. Active balance-sheet mix management—shifting loan composition and securities duration—helps optimize NIM. Interest rate cycles materially influence quarterly outcomes and NII volatility.
Payments and cards fees
Payments and cards fees—interchange, merchant acquiring and account/service fees—form a steady non-interest income pillar for OCBC, with FX mark-up on cross-border spend providing incremental margin uplift. Value-added services such as data analytics, tokenisation and BNPL deepen wallet share and take-rates. Rewards and co‑funding costs are actively managed to protect yield through tiered pricing and partner revenue shares. Operational scale in merchant acquiring supports unit economics and margin resilience.
Wealth and advisory fees
Management, brokerage and advisory fees from client investments form a core recurring revenue line for OCBC, supplemented materially by bancassurance and product distribution fees via its insurance partnerships, boosting total fee income. Performance-linked and client-retention metrics drive fee flows, while compliance and suitability checks across advisory channels protect wealth margins and mitigate conduct risk.
Treasury and markets income
Treasury and markets income at OCBC in 2024 was driven by client FX, derivatives and trading revenues, while balance sheet hedging and ALM produced mark-to-market and structural gains; volatility in rates and FX created both trading opportunities and downside risk, managed through prudent position and counterparty limits.
- Client FX, derivatives, trading revenues
- Balance sheet hedging and ALM gains
- Volatility = opportunities and risks
- Prudent limits manage exposure
Insurance and bancassurance
Insurance and bancassurance generate premiums and profit‑sharing income through OCBC’s agency and partnership channels; embedded protection within loans adds upfront and recurring fee income while cross‑selling raises policy penetration across wealth and retail segments. Persistency rates drive lifetime economics and reserve assumptions, influencing bancassurance ROE and capital requirements.
- Premiums/profit‑share: material recurring revenue
- Embedded protection: fee income on loans
- Cross‑sell: higher policy penetration
- Persistency: key to long‑term economics
Core NII drives earnings; group NIM ~1.78%, fees & insurance lift recurring income
Net interest income is OCBCs core earnings with group NIM ~1.78% in 2024, driven by loans, securities and cash placements. Payments, cards and bancassurance fees provide stable non‑interest income while treasury, FX and trading add volatility-linked gains. Insurance premiums and profit‑share plus wealth fees lift recurring fee income and lifetime economics.
| Revenue Stream | 2024 Metric | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | NIM ~1.78% | Loans, securities, ALM |
| Fees & commissions | Stable | Payments, wealth, bancassurance |