VI Business Model Canvas
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Unlock VI’s strategic playbook with the full Business Model Canvas — a concise, sector-specific breakdown of value propositions, customer segments, channels, and revenue streams. This downloadable, editable file (Word & Excel) is perfect for investors, founders, and consultants seeking actionable insights. Buy the complete canvas to benchmark, adapt, and scale proven strategies fast.
Partnerships
Network equipment vendors for RAN, core and transport enable rapid 4G/5G rollout and upgrades, supporting operators as 5G subscriptions surpassed about 2.5 billion worldwide by end-2024 (GSMA). Joint roadmaps with vendors secure feature parity and drive energy-efficient networks, with vendor case studies reporting up to ~30% energy savings from modernized gear. Long-term contracts commonly span 5–10 years and can reduce procurement and lifecycle costs by roughly 15–20% while improving support and spare-part availability.
Alliances with towercos and fiber providers expand coverage and backhaul economically, with tower sharing lowering capex by 30–40% per GSMA 2024 and site build costs cut from ~$200k to <$140k. Sharing models speed deployment—co-location reduces rollout time by ~35%—while SLAs target carrier-grade uptime of 99.95–99.99% and sub-10 ms latency, enabling scalable fiber capacity growth to multi-terabit links as demand rises.
Bundling streaming, music and gaming (global OTT subscribers ~1.2B and gaming market ~200B USD in 2024) drives differentiation and can lift ARPU by double digits; VI leverages such bundles to target higher-value segments. Co-marketing with OTTs accelerates subscriber growth and engagement via joint promos and data offers. Revenue-share deals and zero-rated packs deepen ecosystem stickiness, reducing churn and increasing lifetime value.
Device OEMs and retail distributors
Handset bundling and EMI financing with OEMs accelerated 4G/5G adoption for Vi, supporting device-upgrade cycles amid India’s smartphone base exceeding 650 million users in 2024.
Co-branded promotions at point-of-sale improved conversion rates and shortened sales cycles, leveraging retail trust and OEM marketing reach.
Broad retail networks ensured availability across urban and rural markets, sustaining distribution for low-cost 4G devices and early 5G handsets.
- Handset financing: boosts upgrades
- Co-branded POS: higher conversion
- Wide retail reach: urban+rural coverage
Enterprise, cloud, and IoT partners
Enterprise alliances across cloud, security, and IoT broaden B2B solutions; in 2024 over 90% of enterprises reported multi/hybrid cloud adoption, enabling integrated stacks that power SD-WAN, edge, and private 5G offers. Joint delivery models meet compliance, data residency, and strict SLA requirements, shortening time-to-value and raising contract ARR.
- Cloud: >90% multi/hybrid cloud (2024)
- Solutions: SD-WAN, edge, private 5G
- Value: compliance, data residency, SLA-driven ARR uplift
Network vendors enable rapid 4G/5G rollouts; modernized gear yields ~30% energy savings and 5–10y contracts cut lifecycle costs ~15–20% (2024).
Towerco/fiber alliances lower capex ~30–40%, speed rollouts ~35% and sustain 99.95–99.99% uptime targets.
OTT bundles lift ARPU double digits; India smartphone base ~650M and global 5G subs ~2.5B (end-2024).
| Metric | Value (2024) |
|---|---|
| Vendor energy savings | ~30% |
| Tower sharing capex | -30–40% |
| Rollout speed | +35% |
| India smartphones | ~650M |
| Global 5G subs | ~2.5B |
| OTT market | ~1.2B subs |
What is included in the product
A comprehensive, pre-written business model aligned to the company’s strategy, covering the nine BMC blocks with detailed customer segments, channels, value propositions, revenue, costs and partners. Includes competitive analysis, SWOT-linked insights and a polished design for presentations, funding or internal decisions.
Condenses your company strategy into a clean, one-page Business Model Canvas with editable cells—saving hours of formatting and making it easy to compare models, collaborate across teams, and produce board-ready summaries fast.
Activities
Spectrum refarming, densification and Massive MIMO upgrades can lift capacity and throughput by roughly 2–10x (Massive MIMO 2–4x, small‑cell densification up to 10x in hotspots) and enable sustained 5G speeds. Continuous optimization and RAN tuning push latency to sub‑10 ms and improve QoE. Energy management and automation cut network opex by about 20–30% through dynamic sleep modes and AI‑driven operations.
Ensure strict compliance with DoT, TRAI and national security norms, maintaining audit trails for lawful interception under the Indian Telegraph Act and IT rules. Strategically plan spectrum acquisitions, renewals and refarming across key bands (700/800/1800/2300 MHz) informed by past 5G auction dynamics (₹1.5 lakh crore mobilized in 2022). Manage numbering ranges, interconnect agreements and SLA-backed settlement processes to control churn and interconnect costs.
Segmented campaigns and channel incentives drive VI net adds by focusing spend on high-ROI cohorts and partner-led distribution, aligning with India adding tens of millions of wireless subscribers in 2024.
Targeted offers reduce churn and improve ARPU by upselling postpaid and data bundles to mid-high usage segments, lifting average yields versus mass promotions in 2024 market trends.
KYC activation flows combine eKYC and streamlined documentation to keep onboarding compliant and fast, meeting 2024 regulatory expectations while shortening time-to-revenue.
Digital product development
Digital product development enhances the self-care app with integrated payments and rewards for seamless journeys, lifting checkout conversion by about 12% in 2024. Integrating content bundles and enterprise portals expanded B2B revenue, with enterprise channels contributing roughly 18% of sales last year. Analytics-driven personalization and AI recommendations boosted ARPU by ~22% in 2024.
- payments: conversion +12% (2024)
- enterprise: ~18% revenue share (2024)
- personalization: ARPU +22% (2024)
Enterprise solutions delivery
Enterprise solutions delivery designs and manages connectivity, IoT, and managed services with SLAs (typical uptime targets 99.95%), integrated security, and multi-cloud orchestration; by 2024, 92% of enterprises reported multi-cloud use and about 14 billion IoT connections were active, driving demand for managed integrations.
Spectrum refarm, Massive MIMO (2–4x) and small‑cell densification (up to 10x) sustain 5G capacity; RAN tuning drives sub‑10 ms latency and QoE. AI ops and energy automation cut opex ~20–30%; product, KYC and digital payments lift conversion ~12% and ARPU ~22% while enterprise (≈18% revenue) needs 99.95% SLAs.
| Metric | 2024/2022 |
|---|---|
| Massive MIMO | 2–4x |
| Densification | up to 10x |
| Opex reduction | 20–30% |
| ARPU lift | +22% |
| Payments conv. | +12% |
| Enterprise rev | ~18% |
| 5G auction | ₹1.5L cr (2022) |
Full Version Awaits
Business Model Canvas
The VI Business Model Canvas you’re previewing is the actual deliverable, not a mockup—what you see is a direct snapshot of the final file you’ll receive upon purchase, fully editable and formatted for immediate use in Word and Excel with all sections included.
Resources
Licensed spectrum across 700–3,500 MHz bands underpins VIs coverage and capacity, with mid-band 3.5 GHz central to 5G rollouts in 2024. Refarming flexibility lets VI reallocate legacy 2G/3G holdings to 4G/5G to boost spectral efficiency and user throughput during technology migration. Compliance, timely renewals and spectrum fees—typically governed by multi‑year licences (often 15–20 years)—protect long‑term service continuity and investment recovery.
Pan-India reach via over 1 million sites and extensive fiber backhaul (hundreds of thousands of km) enables wide coverage and capacity. Virtualized, cloud-native cores and transport—adopted by 100+ operators by 2024—deliver scalable, resilient service chaining and rapid rollouts. Robust energy assets, hybrid power and battery systems sustain site uptime above 99.5%, protecting revenue and SLAs.
Recognition and trust from Vi's national brand and ~169 million subscribers (FY2024) reduce acquisition costs and enable high cross-sell conversion across broadband, OTT and enterprise services. Large anonymized user datasets drive product design, churn prediction and ARPU uplift. Active community forums and retail outlets strengthen distribution leverage and local market reach.
IT, BSS/OSS, and analytics
Billing, charging, CRM and assurance systems run day-to-day operations while centralized data platforms enable personalization and fraud control; automation accelerates speed-to-market and cuts operating costs. Industry reports in 2024 show operators increasing OSS/BSS automation investments to improve time-to-market and reduce OPEX.
- Billing & CRM: operational backbone
- Data platforms: personalization & fraud prevention
- Automation: faster launches, lower costs
Skilled workforce and partners
Engineers, data scientists, and sales teams translate VI strategy into product and market outcomes, with a core tech bench representing the majority of delivery effort; global IT services spending surpassed $1.2 trillion in 2024, underscoring sustained investment in talent and delivery.
- Engineers: execution capacity
- Data scientists: model & analytics
- Sales: commercialization
- Vendors/partners: augment scale
- Training pipelines: sustain readiness
Licensed spectrum 700–3.5 GHz, refarming agility and long‑term licences secure capacity; VI served ~169 million subscribers (FY2024) from ~1M sites and hundreds of thousands km fiber, with site uptime >99.5%. Cloud‑native core/virtualized transport and OSS/BSS automation accelerate launches; engineers, data scientists and sales drive commercialization.
| Resource | Metric/Value (2024) |
|---|---|
| Spectrum | 700–3,500 MHz |
| Subscribers | ~169M |
| Sites | ~1,000,000 |
| Fiber | hundreds of thousands km |
| Uptime | >99.5% |
Value Propositions
Reliable 4G/5G connectivity delivers wide coverage with competitive throughput—4G user rates typically tens of Mbps while 5G peak rates reach up to 20 Gbps per 3GPP specifications—with typical 4G latencies ~30–50 ms and 5G enabling sub-10 ms (1 ms URLLC). Network consistency supports voice, data and video via QoS and carrier aggregation, and scalable capacity meets growth and peak events with 5G supporting up to 1 million devices per km2.
Tiered prepaid and postpaid options address diverse budgets with entry plans from under 200 INR/month to premium bundles; flexible upgrades boost retention. Data-heavy packs offering up to 200 GB/month and modular add-ons lower effective cost per GB, improving perceived value. Family, student, and corporate plans covering 4–6 lines simplify billing and administration, often with discounts up to 30% to drive ARPU growth.
Bundled digital experiences leverage content partnerships to add entertainment and utility, driving engagement uplifts of ~25% in 2024 when premium content was included. Rewards and cashbacks raised perceived value and lifted retention by about 12% in 2024 loyalty studies. Integrated app journeys reduced onboarding and checkout drop-off by roughly 30%, streamlining conversion across mobile ecosystems.
Enterprise-grade solutions
Enterprise-grade solutions combine managed connectivity, IoT and security under 99.99% SLAs, supporting 17.6 billion connected devices globally in 2024 and reducing downtime costs for distributed operations. Custom integration for industry and public sector workflows accelerates deployments and compliance across regulated environments.
- Managed connectivity — 99.99% SLA
- IoT scale — 17.6B devices (2024)
- Custom industry & public sector integration
- Nationwide reach — supports distributed ops
Customer-centric support
Omni-channel care resolves issues quickly and reduces handoffs, improving first-contact resolution; 76% of customers expect consistent cross-channel service (Salesforce 2024). Self-care tools empower users, cutting wait times and boosting digital adoption to ~60% in 2024. Proactive alerts minimize bill shock and downtime, helping reduce churn and dispute rates.
- Self-care: cuts wait times ~30%
- Omni-channel: 76% expect consistency (Salesforce 2024)
- Proactive alerts: lower disputes and churn ~15%
Reliable 4G/5G coverage (4G tens Mbps; 5G peak up to 20 Gbps; latencies 4G 30–50 ms, 5G sub‑10 ms) and nationwide reach enable unified consumer and enterprise plans. Tiered prepaid/postpaid, family and corporate bundles (entry <200 INR/month; data packs up to 200 GB) plus content bundles improved engagement ~25% in 2024. Enterprise IoT/security (99.99% SLA) supports 17.6B devices (2024), cutting downtime.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Throughput & latency | 4G tens Mbps; 5G up to 20 Gbps; 4G 30–50 ms; 5G <10 ms |
| Plans & pricing | Entry <200 INR/mo; data packs ≤200 GB |
| Enterprise IoT | 17.6B devices (2024); 99.99% SLA |
Customer Relationships
Omni-channel service integrates app, call centers, retail, and social to provide seamless support across touchpoints. Consistent policies and clear handoffs reduce churn by lowering friction, meeting the 2024 finding that 76% of customers expect consistent experiences across channels. Continuous feedback loops from each channel drive iterative product and service improvements.
Personalized lifecycle engagement uses usage-based offers and timely nudges to raise ARPU while contextual messaging boosts add-on adoption; Salesforce (2024) reports 84% of customers say experience is as important as product. Win-back and targeted retention campaigns reduce churn risk—Harvard Business Review finds a 5% retention lift can raise profits 25–95%—driving durable revenue.
Tiered benefits reward tenure and spend, driving higher ARPU as seen in coffee and retail programs where top-tier members often spend up to 20% more; Starbucks Rewards had about 29 million active North American members in 2023, illustrating scale. Cross-partner rewards amplify perceived savings by bundling discounts across categories, increasing redemption rates and lifetime value. Gamified milestones—badges, streaks, progress bars—boost engagement and monthly active use, often lifting participation by double digits in program pilots.
Dedicated enterprise account management
Named enterprise account managers ensure responsiveness and governance, centralizing escalation paths and legal/compliance oversight. Quarterly reviews (4 per year) track SLAs, ROI metrics and outcomes to drive renewal decisions. Solution co-creation with clients deepens strategic ties and increases stickiness across product roadmaps.
- Named manager: centralized accountability
- Quarterly reviews: 4 per year, SLA & outcome tracking
- Co-creation: strategic product alignment & higher retention
Self-service and automation
Self-service enables instant activations through eKYC, cutting onboarding to minutes and lowering drop-off; AI chatbots resolved about 60% of routine queries in 2024, while in-app troubleshooting and searchable knowledge bases reduced support contacts by roughly 30% that year.
- Instant activations via eKYC: minutes
- AI chatbots: ~60% query resolution (2024)
- Knowledge bases: ~30% support reduction (2024)
Omni-channel support with consistent handoffs lowers churn; 76% expect consistent experiences (2024). Personalized lifecycle nudges raise ARPU; 84% say experience equals product (Salesforce 2024). Tiered rewards and gamification lift spend and engagement; Starbucks had ~29M NA active members (2023).
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Consistent CX | 76% | 2024 survey |
| Experience importance | 84% | Salesforce 2024 |
| Starbucks members | ~29M | 2023 |
Channels
Owned stores and franchises handle sales, KYC onboarding, and after-sales service to ensure compliance and retention. Presence in high-traffic malls and transit hubs boosts brand visibility and walk-in conversions. Experiential zones demonstrate 5G use cases—streaming, AR, cloud gaming—driving trials; 5G subscriptions surpassed 1.5 billion in 2024 (GSMA). Franchise outlets expand reach while capturing local market insights.
Digital app and website serve as the primary hub for recharge, plans, and support, handling over 60% of self-service transactions in 2024 and reducing contact-center costs by up to 30%. Personalized storefronts enable targeted upsell, driving 15–25% higher ARPU in pilot programs. Integrated, PCI-compliant payments and one-click flows streamline conversions and cut checkout abandonment rates materially.
Integration with e-commerce and fintech apps expands reach, tapping into global e-commerce GMV of ≈6.3 trillion USD in 2024 and millions of app-first customers. Retail recharge networks capture cash-heavy segments, with cash still representing roughly 20–30% of consumer payments in many emerging markets in 2024. Strategic partnerships reduce customer acquisition cost, often cutting CAC by double-digit percentages in new segments during pilots.
Direct enterprise sales
Direct enterprise sales rely on account executives, partners and system integrators to close large deals; enterprise SaaS average contract value exceeds $50,000 ACV in 2024, with solution demos and pilots accelerating purchasing decisions and shortening cycles. Bid desks manage tenders and contracts to ensure compliance and margin protection.
- AE-led sales
- Partner & SI channels
- Demos & pilots speed closes
- Bid desks for tenders/contracts
Contact centers and social
- Inbound/outbound: ~15% CSAT uplift (2024)
- Social care: 47% of public queries (2024)
- Proactive notifications: up to 30% fewer tickets
Omnichannel mix (stores, digital, partners, contact center) drives acquisition, onboarding and retention; 5G subscriptions 1.5B (2024) and digital self-service ≈60% of transactions. Digital personalization lifts ARPU 15–25% in pilots; cash remains 20–30% in emerging markets. Enterprise sales ACV ≈$50k; omnichannel CX raises CSAT ≈15% and cuts tickets up to 30%.
| Metric | 2024 Value |
|---|---|
| 5G subs | 1.5B |
| Digital self-service | ~60% |
| ARPU uplift (pilots) | 15–25% |
| Cash share (EM) | 20–30% |
| Enterprise ACV | $50k |
| CSAT uplift | ~15% |
| Tickets reduced | up to 30% |
Customer Segments
Price-sensitive prepaid users require reliable data and voice; prepaid accounts comprised about 95% of India’s wireless base in 2024 (TRAI), underscoring scale. The high-volume, low-ARPU segment (around INR 100–150/month typical in 2024) drives network utilization and revenue scale. Broad retail and digital distribution across semi-urban clusters is critical to acquire and retain this cohort.
Affluent postpaid premium users prioritize priority care, bundled plans and concierge services, driving loyalty and lower churn. Many subscribe for family shared plans and frequent international roaming — business and expatriate segments key. Industry studies in 2024 show premium postpaid ARPU typically 30–50% above base plans due to device financing and content add-ons.
Rural and emerging users—who constitute about 64.7% of India’s population (Census 2021)—prioritize coverage-first offers and affordable entry packs, driving VI to push low-cost recharge tiers and extended coverage investments. Shared-device usage and offline recharge habits remain common, with VI’s ~198 million subscriber base (Mar 2024) reflecting large rural uptake of bundled voice+data packs. Education and agri use cases are accelerating data adoption, with localized content and low-data services boosting monthly ARPU recovery in semi-urban/rural cohorts.
SMEs and startups
SMEs and startups demand multi-SIM plans, reliable broadband, and integrated collaboration tools to support remote/hybrid teams and rapid device scaling. Simple, transparent pricing and rapid support reduce churn and speed onboarding. Upselling managed services is viable given SMEs account for about 90% of firms and over 50% of employment globally (World Bank).
- Multi-SIM and device flexibility
- Broadband + collaboration bundles
- Simple pricing, fast support
- High upsell potential to managed services
Large enterprises and public sector
- Secure SLA-backed connectivity
- IoT at scale — 14.4 billion devices (2024)
- Compliance, integration, custom contracts
- Nationwide multi-site coverage
Prepaid price-sensitive users = ~95% of wireless base (TRAI 2024); ARPU ~INR100–150/month. Premium postpaid ARPU ~30–50% higher due to device finance and content bundles. Rural/sem-urban coverage-first (64.7% population Census 2021); VI ~198M subs (Mar 2024). Enterprises need SLA, secure IoT at scale (14.4B devices 2024).
| Segment | Key metric | ARPU/notes |
|---|---|---|
| Prepaid | 95% base (2024) | INR100–150 |
| Postpaid | Premium share | +30–50% ARPU |
| Rural | 64.7% pop | Coverage-first packs |
| Enterprise | IoT/SLA | Scale, custom contracts |
Cost Structure
Spectrum and network capex for VI covers auction premiums and refarming for 5G, with spectrum acquisition and licensing often adding materially to upfront spend. Tower builds typically range $50,000–$250,000 each, fiber rollout ~$20,000–$30,000 per km and core upgrades driving large-scale systems spend. 5G deployments plus testing and optimization commonly consume 5–15% of total network capex annually, with ongoing tuning and drive-testing budgets.
Site rentals, power and maintenance accounted for roughly 60% of network opex in 2024, with power typically representing about 30% of total network operating costs. Field operations and spares logistics add roughly 20–25%, driven by site visits, transport and inventory holding. Energy-efficiency measures—site consolidation, DC power and onsite renewables—delivered typical opex reductions of 10–20% in 2024 deployments.
Channel commissions and trade discounts typically consume 5–25% of transaction value and 2–15% of list price respectively, depending on reseller agreements. Advertising, promotions and subsidy programs drive CAC and often account for 10–30% of revenue in growth phases. KYC and onboarding in 2024 average roughly $2–15 per activation for digital financial services, rising with biometric or manual review requirements.
Regulatory fees and levies
Regulatory fees and levies drive major VI cost lines: statutory license fee set at 8% of AGR and spectrum usage charge at 3% of AGR; numbering and interconnect levies add variable per-minute / per-number costs; AGR-related legacy liabilities continue to influence balance sheets; compliance, security and audit costs typically range 0.5–1% of revenues for telecom operators.
- license_fee: 8%_AGR
- SUC: 3%_AGR
- numbering_interconnect: variable
- compliance_security_audit: 0.5–1%_rev
IT, personnel, and G&A
IT costs center on BSS/OSS licensing and cloud platform fees, with global public cloud spend reaching about $597 billion in 2024 (Gartner), while enterprise cybersecurity spending totaled roughly $217 billion in 2024; salaries, training and partner services remain the largest recurring items—senior engineers and security specialists drive headcount cost. Office, legal and finance overheads add fixed G&A layers that scale with revenue and compliance needs.
- BSS/OSS licensing: vendor fees, upgrades, integrations
- Cloud & cybersecurity: ~$597B public cloud; ~$217B cyber (2024)
- Salaries & training: primary ongoing burn
- G&A: office, legal, finance—fixed overheads
Spectrum and network capex (auction, refarming, towers $50k–$250k, fiber $20k–$30k/km) drive upfront spend; 5G testing/optimization consumes 5–15% of network capex. Network opex: site rentals, power, maintenance ~60% of network opex in 2024; power ~30%. CAC and marketing often 10–30% of revenue in growth; regulatory levies: license fee 8% AGR, SUC 3% AGR; cloud spend ~$597B (2024).
| Cost Item | 2024 Metric |
|---|---|
| Towers | $50k–$250k/site |
| Fiber rollout | $20k–$30k/km |
| Network opex mix | Site/power/maintenance ~60% |
| License fee / SUC | 8% AGR / 3% AGR |
| Cloud spend | $597B (2024) |
Revenue Streams
Prepaid recharges drive revenue through tiered data and voice packs targeting casual, mid and heavy users, supplemented by seasonal top-ups and boosters that historically lift ARPU during festival and sports periods. High-frequency, cash-based transactions keep unit economics simple and allow scale: India had about 1.17 billion mobile subscribers in 2024, underpinning a large prepaid TAM for Vi.
Postpaid subscriptions deliver predictable monthly rentals supplemented by add-ons and international roaming fees, leveraging India’s market of over 1.1 billion wireless connections (2024) to monetize high-value customers. Family and corporate plans drive multi-line growth and reduce churn by expanding average revenue per account. Device bundling (EMI bundles, buy-back) increases stickiness and lifetime customer value, improving ARPU versus prepaid.
Enterprise services bundle leased lines, MPLS/SD-WAN and internet access with IoT/M2M connectivity and private networks, driving predictable recurring revenue; SD-WAN market hit about $6.2B in 2024. IoT connections exceeded 14 billion in 2024, expanding device-based ARPU. Managed security and collaboration services supported a roughly $52B managed security market in 2024, raising enterprise spend on bundled solutions.
Digital content and VAS
Bundled OTT, music and gaming form core digital-content VAS with subscriptions plus in-app purchases and ad revenues; gaming and IAPs typically drive the largest share (games ~70% of app-store spend). Ringback tones, cloud storage and micro‑insurance are telco add‑ons generating recurring ARPU uplift; app stores commonly take up to 30% revenue share (15% for small developers/subscriptions after year one).
Interconnect, roaming, and wholesale
Interconnect, roaming and wholesale drive VI’s non-retail revenue via national and international termination fees, roaming packs with partner settlements and fiber backhaul plus infrastructure leasing; in 2024 wholesale and interconnect typically account for 8–12% of operator service revenue in comparable markets.
- Termination fees: per-minute wholesale rates and settlements
- Roaming: bundled packs and partner settlements
- Fiber: backhaul capacity leasing and dark-fiber rentals
Prepaid (1.17B mobile subs in India, 2024) drives volume via tiered packs and seasonal ARPU boosts; postpaid targets high-value users with device EMIs and corporate plans. Enterprise bundles (SD-WAN $6.2B, IoT 14B connections, 2024) and managed services provide recurring revenue. Digital VAS (games ~70% app spend; app-store take up to 30%) plus wholesale/interconnect (8–12% of service revenue) diversify income.
| Revenue Stream | 2024 Metric | Typical % of Rev |
|---|---|---|
| Prepaid | 1.17B subs (India) | 45–55% |
| Postpaid | Higher ARPU, device EMIs | 20–30% |
| Enterprise & IoT | SD‑WAN $6.2B; IoT 14B | 10–15% |
| Digital VAS | Games ~70% app spend | 5–10% |
| Wholesale | Interconnect/roaming | 8–12% |