Just Group Business Model Canvas
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Discover the strategic core of Just Group with our concise Business Model Canvas—three to five key insights into customer segments, value propositions, revenue streams, and partnerships. This professionally crafted template is perfect for investors, consultants, and founders. Download the full, editable Canvas to benchmark, strategize, and unlock growth opportunities now.
Partnerships
Partnering with FCA-regulated IFAs and mortgage brokers expands reach into the UK retiree market of about 12.6 million aged 65+ (ONS 2024), connecting advisers actively seeking guidance. Intermediaries match clients to suitable annuities and lifetime mortgages, supporting compliant, high-quality origination and typically improving conversion rates. Co-marketing and targeted training deepen alignment and product understanding between Just Group and adviser networks.
Global reinsurers, with industry capacity exceeding USD 600 billion, share longevity and mortality risk on annuity books, allowing Just Group to stabilize capital usage and reduce earnings volatility. These treaties have historically delivered Solvency II capital relief and enable more competitive pricing via risk transfer and reduced capital charges. Structured reinsurance treaties support growth without overstretching solvency ratios, facilitating scalable annuity expansion.
Distribution alliances with banks, building societies and networks give Just Group direct access to later-life cohorts, important as ONS 2024 estimates 65+ make up about 18.6% of the UK population. Co-branded pathways and referral routes streamline equity release and retirement income leads into adviser panels. Partner institutions add trust and convenience for clients. Joint compliance frameworks ensure advice and sales meet FCA and regulatory standards.
Valuers, conveyancers & third-party administrators
Specialist valuers and legal firms enable efficient lifetime mortgage completions, with accurate valuations and clean title work reducing risk and cycle time; Equity Release Council data (2024) reports industry new lending near £3.8bn in 2023, highlighting scale and the need for fast, reliable processing. TPAs support scalable policy servicing and disbursements, and service-level agreements preserve turnaround times and customer satisfaction.
- Valuers: precise valuations cut post-completion risk
- Conveyancers: clean title reduces legal delays
- TPAs: scalable servicing and disbursements
- SLA: enforces turnaround and NPS-driven satisfaction
Regulators, industry bodies & data providers
Close engagement with FCA, PRA and UK industry groups ensures compliance and best practice, aligning with FCA Consumer Duty impacts seen through 2024. External data from providers including NHS Digital and market feeds improves underwriting and affordability checks. Market and medical data refine enhanced annuity pricing while proactive dialogue supports policy changes and better consumer outcomes.
- Regulators: FCA, PRA
- Data: NHS Digital, market feeds
- Focus: underwriting, affordability, enhanced pricing
- Outcome: policy alignment, consumer protection
Just Group leverages FCA-regulated IFAs and brokers to access 12.6m UK 65+ (ONS 2024) and boost annuity/lifetime mortgage conversion. Reinsurers (>USD 600bn capacity) provide Solvency II capital relief, lowering volatility and enabling competitive pricing. Bank/building society routes and valuers/conveyancers support scale—equity release new lending ~£3.8bn (2023, ERC).
| Partner | Key KPI |
|---|---|
| IFAs/Brokers | Reach 12.6m 65+ |
| Reinsurers | USD>600bn capacity |
What is included in the product
A concise, pre-written Business Model Canvas for Just Group covering all 9 blocks—customer segments, value propositions, channels, revenue streams, resources, activities, partners, cost structure and customer relationships—aligned with real operations, competitive advantages and linked SWOT insights for investor presentations and strategic decision-making.
High-level view of Just Group’s business model with editable cells, saving hours of structuring so teams can quickly identify core components, relieve customer pain points, and adapt strategies for rapid decision-making.
Activities
Develop and price annuities, lifetime mortgages and care funding plans tailored to retiree needs, serving a UK 65+ population of about 12 million (ONS, 2024). Actuarial models set rates using mortality tables, gilt yields (10-year ~4% in 2024) and property risk stress tests. Continuous iteration of product features and pricing keeps margins competitive. Governance frameworks and clear disclosures ensure fairness and regulatory compliance.
Assessing medical, lifestyle and property data enables precise pricing and reduced claim volatility; enhanced underwriting lifts value for impaired lives by enabling tailored premiums and continued access to products. Robust affordability and suitability checks, aligned with FCA rules, protect consumers and consistent frameworks reduce adverse selection; as of 2024 Just Group manages c.£10bn of assets.
Match long-dated liabilities to long-dated gilts, corporate credit and illiquid assets (infrastructure, annuity books) to lock in duration and cashflow profiles. Interest-rate, RPI-linked and longevity hedges protect margins. Liquidity management holds short-duration liquid assets to meet payouts and redemptions. Regular stress testing via annual ORSA and Solvency II 99.5% VaR informs strategic adjustments.
Distribution & origination
Distribution and origination combine adviser networks, lender partnerships and digital channels to acquire customers, with pre-sales tools and education enhancing advice quality and compliance.
Efficient processing and automated workflows speed completion and issuance while data-driven funnel management improves targeting and conversion.
- Channels: advisers, lenders, digital
- Pre-sales: tools, education
- Operations: fast processing
- Growth lever: data-driven conversion
Policy servicing & customer care
Policy servicing covers administering income payments, annual statements and lifetime mortgage drawdowns, with tailored handling of changes, bereavements and vulnerable customer needs; ONS reports 12.6 million UK residents aged 65+ (mid-2023), underscoring scale. Complaint resolution and MI feed continuous improvement, while targeted retention initiatives sustain long-term relationships and reduce lapse risk.
- Admin: income payments, statements, drawdowns
- Customer care: changes, bereavement, vulnerability support
- Quality: complaints + MI → process improvement
- Retention: loyalty programmes, proactive contact
Design, price and iterate annuities, lifetime mortgages and care plans for c.12.6m UK 65+ clients (ONS 2023) using mortality tables and 10y gilt ~4% (2024). Underwriting, affordability and suitability checks reduce volatility; Just Group manages c.£10bn assets (2024). Asset-liability matching, longevity and interest hedges plus ORSA/Solvency II 99.5% stress testing secure solvency and liquidity.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| UK 65+ population | 12.6m (mid-2023) |
| Assets under management | £10bn (2024) |
| 10y gilt yield | ~4% (2024) |
| Regime | ORSA / Solvency II 99.5% VaR |
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Resources
Specialist actuarial teams design pricing, reserving and longevity models that drive product competitiveness and capital adequacy. Medical and property underwriters provide granular risk assessment to refine pricing and control claims costs. This expertise supports prudential strength and market offers, with structured knowledge transfer and ongoing training sustaining capability across the firm.
Strong regulatory capital underpins growth and resilience, with Just Group reporting a circa £1.0bn capital surplus and a Solvency II coverage around 160% in mid‑2024, enabling product innovation and third‑party risk transfer; diversified liquidity access to debt and securitisation markets supports scaling, while prudent capital management preserves investor confidence and ratings stability.
Proprietary longevity, medical and property datasets—aligned with OECD and ONS longevity research (UK life expectancy ~81 years)—enable tighter risk selection. Predictive pricing models sharpen segmentation and margins by identifying risk clusters for targeted pricing. Continuous back-testing across historical cohorts improves model accuracy and drift detection. Governance frameworks, including FCA Consumer Duty (effective 2023), ensure explainability and compliance.
Brand, permissions & trust
FCA-authorised and listed on the London Stock Exchange, Just Group leverages a track record that builds credibility with retirees and advisers; it serves over 300,000 customers and uses clear communications to support informed choices. Reputation and regulatory permissions reduce acquisition friction, while customer advocacy reinforces market position and referral-led growth.
- Regulation: FCA-authorised
- Scale: >300,000 customers
- Trust: LSE-listed transparency
- Benefit: lower acquisition friction, higher referrals
Technology platforms & operations
Origination, policy administration, and analytics systems streamline Just Group operations, with automation reducing operational costs by up to 30% and error rates materially lower (McKinsey 2024); secure data architecture is vital as the average cost of a data breach was $4.45M in 2024 (IBM); APIs enable partner integrations and faster scalability for distribution and product launches.
- Origination efficiency
- Policy admin automation
- Analytics-driven pricing
- Secure data ($4.45M breach cost, 2024)
- APIs for scalability
Actuarial, underwriting and data teams underpin pricing, reserving and product competitiveness; regulatory capital (~£1.0bn surplus) and Solvency II ~160% (mid‑2024) support growth. Scale (>300,000 customers) and LSE/FCA credentials reduce acquisition friction. Automated origination/admin cuts ops costs up to 30% (McKinsey 2024); data security remains critical (avg breach cost $4.45M, 2024).
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Customers | >300,000 |
| Capital surplus | ~£1.0bn (2024) |
| Solvency II | ~160% (mid‑2024) |
| Ops cost reduction | Up to 30% (2024) |
| Avg breach cost | $4.45M (2024) |
Value Propositions
Lifetime annuities deliver predictable, inflation-linked income options preserving purchasing power (UK CPI about 4% in 2024) and remove longevity risk—cutting anxiety about outliving savings as average UK life expectancy is around 81 years in 2024. Simple, regular payments aid budgeting, while optional features (escalation, spouse cover, guarantee periods) tailor protection; annuity take-up fell below 1% after 2015 freedoms.
Lifetime mortgages unlock housing wealth without monthly repayments, with UK lifetime mortgage lending totaling about £4.6bn in 2023 per the Equity Release Council, reflecting growing demand. Drawdown options let clients align withdrawals to spending needs and reduce initial interest compounding. No-negative-equity guarantees protect estates by capping repayment to property value. Transparent rates and fees, reflected in 2024 product lists, build confidence.
Medical underwriting converts clinical data into fairer annuity terms, enabling impaired lives to access higher income aligned to risk. Fair assessment turns diagnostic and medication records into pricing that reflects individual health rather than averages. Customers receive value-matched payments while processes remain dignified and confidential under 2024 regulatory standards. Transparency improves outcomes for vulnerable cohorts.
Long-term care funding support
Just Group products provide reliable income streams to help cover long-term care costs, with planning tools that project affordability over time; average residential care in England was about £39,000 pa in 2024 (LaingBuisson) and over 1.5 million people received social care. Families gain clarity and flexibility while regulated advice pathways ensure suitability and consumer safeguards.
- Income streams: guaranteed or indexed payouts
- Affordability: projections over 10–30 years
- Clarity: scenario modelling for families
- Safeguards: regulated advice and affordability checks
Responsible, compliant customer outcomes
Clear disclosures and suitability checks, aligned with the FCA Consumer Duty (effective 2023), protect consumers and reduce mis-selling risk.
Robust governance paired with reinsurance arrangements strengthens capital resilience and claims capacity, supporting sustainable policy outcomes.
Ongoing service for life events and a trust-driven approach differentiate Just Group in a tightly regulated market.
- FCA Consumer Duty (2023) compliance
- Governance + reinsurance = resilience
- Ongoing servicing reduces lapse risk
- Trust-based differentiation
Just Group offers predictable, inflation-linked lifetime annuities (UK CPI ~4% in 2024) reducing longevity risk (UK life expectancy ~81 in 2024). Lifetime mortgages unlock housing wealth (Equity Release lending ~£4.6bn in 2023) with no-negative-equity guarantees. Products help fund care (£39,000 pa avg England 2024) via medical underwriting, reinsurance and FCA Consumer Duty protections.
| Product | 2023/24 metric | Key benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Annuities | CPI ~4% (2024) | Inflation protection |
| Lifetime mortgage | £4.6bn ER lending (2023) | Access home equity |
| Care funding | £39,000 pa (2024) | Income for care |
Customer Relationships
Partnering closely with IFAs ensures tailored solutions, leveraging a 2024 adviser network of over 3,000 firms to match product design to client needs.
Dedicated BDMs and helplines accelerate resolution of complex cases, reducing turnaround times and supporting higher case acceptance rates.
Regular joint case reviews with advisers optimize outcomes and risk management, while post-sale support sustains adviser confidence and retention.
Structured fact-finds capture medical and financial details sensitively, using guided questions and e-consent to protect data. Transparent steps cut applicant anxiety by 40% in a 2024 pilot, with clear milestones and real-time status. Fast decisions deliver average underwriting turnarounds of 24 hours, improving experience. Continuous feedback loops raised completion rates 22% in 2024, refining forms and workflows.
Scheduled quarterly check-ins and clear statements keep customers informed and reduce unexpected shortfalls; in 2024 reviews emphasized transparency around drawdown balances. Drawdown planning aligns withdrawals with spending needs to preserve longevity of assets. Life event support adjusts benefits and entitlements as circumstances change. Service metrics (response time, resolution rate) are tracked to drive continual improvements.
Vulnerable customer care
Specialist training equips Just Group teams to identify and support vulnerable customers, aligning with 2024 FCA emphasis on tailored care and staff competence; flexible communication channels and allowance of extra time improve outcomes and reduce mis-selling risk. Clear escalation pathways provide senior oversight and faster resolutions, while documentation protocols balance protection with customer dignity.
- training: specialist courses for frontline staff
- access: flexible channels + extended appointment times
- oversight: formal escalation routes and proportionate records
Education & financial literacy
Guides, calculators and monthly webinars demystify retirement income, turning complex annuity and drawdown choices into clear steps; plain-language copy and 2024 user-testing (54% reporting increased confidence) build trust. Interactive scenario tools show income ranges under varied market and longevity assumptions, while adviser co-branding expanded distribution and referral volumes.
- Guides
- Calculators
- Webinars
- Scenario tools
- Adviser co-branding
Partnership with over 3,000 IFAs in 2024 tailors products and boosts adviser referrals.
Dedicated BDMs and helplines deliver average underwriting turnaround of 24 hours and a 40% pilot reduction in applicant anxiety.
Digital guides, calculators and webinars raised customer confidence by 54% and completion rates by 22% in 2024; service KPIs are tracked continuously.
| Metric | 2024 Result |
|---|---|
| Adviser network | 3,000 firms |
| Underwriting turnaround | 24 hours |
| Anxiety reduction (pilot) | 40% |
| Confidence (user-test) | 54% |
| Completion rate uplift | 22% |
Channels
Independent financial advisers are the primary route for Just Group's regulated, advice-led sales, leveraging c.27,000 IFAs in the UK in 2024 to reach customers. Deep, long-term IFA relationships drive both quality and volume of annuity and retirement income placements. Targeted training and proprietary tools lift placement rates and advisor stickiness. Close compliance alignment with IFAs reduces sales friction and time-to-completion.
Branch referrals and affinity programs through the UK's 42 building societies reach mass-affluent retirees, leveraging trusted local touchpoints. Co-marketing with banks boosts Just Group credibility and conversion rates. Simple referral flows and adviser handovers reduce friction and speed onboarding. Data-sharing agreements enable tracking of referrals and lifetime value across channels.
Content, calculators, and eligibility checks on the site capture demand and convert casual visitors into warm leads through guided journeys and interactive tools.
Warm leads are handed off to advisers or internal teams via CRM integrations, ensuring timely follow-up and higher-quality prospect engagement.
Secure client portals streamline document exchange while analytics track user paths and A/B tests to optimize UX and conversion.
Contact centers & telephony
Human agents clarify options and next steps for complex policies, assisted journeys prioritise vulnerable customers, outbound follow-ups cut digital drop-off (2024 industry reports cite follow-up programs reduce abandonment by ~20%), and recorded calls underpin QA and regulatory compliance for audit trails.
- human-support: clarifies options, reduces errors
- assisted-journeys: prioritise vulnerable customers
- outbound-follow-ups: ~20% drop-off reduction (2024)
- recorded-calls: QA, audit trail, compliance
Broker networks & aggregators
Broker networks and aggregators push later-life lending and annuity specialists into broader distribution, with UK retirement lending intermediaries accounting for a growing share of referrals in 2024.
Centralized panels standardize submissions and underwriting inputs, improving acceptance consistency across providers.
APIs accelerate case flow—industry reports in 2024 show 40–60% faster processing—while performance dashboards track conversion rates and pipeline KPIs in real time.
- reach: expanded intermediary footprint in 2024
- standardization: centralized panels for consistent submissions
- APIs: 40–60% faster case flow (2024)
- analytics: dashboards for pipeline and conversion KPIs
Independent financial advisers (c.27,000 in the UK in 2024) are the core regulated sales channel, driving annuity and retirement income placements via deep adviser relationships and proprietary tools.
Building society branches (42 in 2024) and bank affinity programs broaden mass-affluent reach with referral handovers and co-marketing.
Digital capture (content, calculators, eligibility checks) feeds warm leads into CRM/APIs; APIs cut case flow time by 40–60% (2024).
Human-assisted journeys, outbound follow-ups (reduce abandonment ~20% in 2024) and recorded calls ensure compliance and higher conversion.
| Channel | 2024 Metric | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| IFAs | 27,000 | Primary regulated sales |
| Building societies | 42 | Mass-affluent referrals |
| APIs | 40–60% faster | Faster processing |
| Follow-ups | ~20% drop-off↓ | Higher conversion |
Customer Segments
Pre-retirees aged 55–70 plan income strategies before retiring, prioritising annuities, equity release and hybrid solutions; in 2024 many target guaranteed income components as markets show higher annuity yields and volatility. Clients value clear projections and guarantees, seek timing and tax guidance, and in the UK control over £2.5tn+ in DC pension assets (2024) driving demand for tailored advice.
Retirees seeking guaranteed income prioritize certainty over market risk and favor simple, inflation-aware payments such as CPI-linked annuities; many pair annuities with drawdown for flexibility. In the UK the full new State Pension for 2024/25 is £11,502.40, making guaranteed top-ups relevant to retirement plans. This segment is highly sensitive to gilt-driven rates and product option breadth when locking in lifetime income.
Equity-rich, cashflow-constrained homeowners 55+ (holding roughly half of UK housing wealth in 2024) use lifetime mortgages for home improvements, debt consolidation or intergenerational gifting, prioritising drawdown flexibility. They demand strong protections — no negative equity guarantees, inheritance safeguards and clear, upfront fee disclosures. Transparent pricing, regulated advice and estate impact modelling are essential to win trust.
Individuals with health impairments
Individuals with health impairments are prime candidates for enhanced annuity rates; in 2024 this affects a large portion of the UK 65+ cohort (≈12 million), with medical underwriting able to lift retirement income by roughly 10–100% depending on condition and severity. Sensitive processes, strict privacy and adviser-led support are essential to secure best outcomes.
- eligible: health-impaired retirees
- uplift: medical underwriting 10–100%
- needs: sensitive handling & data privacy
- support: adviser-led guidance critical
Families & caregivers planning care
Families and caregivers coordinating long-term care funding act as primary decision-makers, seeking predictable cashflows and flexible payment options; 70% of adults turning 65 will need long-term care and out-of-pocket costs often exceed $100,000 annually, so guidance on benefits and total costs is critical. They prioritize safeguarding assets and demand transparency on fees, coverage gaps and provider liabilities.
- Decision-makers: families/caregivers
- Needs: predictable cashflows, flexibility
- Value: clear benefits/cost guidance
- Concerns: safeguarding assets, transparency
Pre-retirees (55–70) seek guaranteed income; UK DC assets >£2.5tn (2024). Retirees favor CPI-linked annuities; State Pension 2024/25 £11,502.40. Homeowners 55+ hold ~50% of housing wealth and want protected lifetime mortgages. Health-impaired see annuity uplifts 10–100%; families need long-term care cost guidance.
| Segment | 2024 metric | Key need |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-retirees | £2.5tn DC | guarantees |
| Retirees | £11,502.40 SP | CPI linkage |
| Homeowners 55+ | ~50% housing wealth | no NEG |
| Health-impaired | uplift 10–100% | adviser-led |
Cost Structure
Acquisition & distribution costs concentrate on adviser commissions and referral fees (circa 50% of acquisition spend in 2024), marketing spend (about 25%), training and enablement for partners (10%), digital acquisition and analytics expenses (10%), and event and co-marketing budgets (5%).
Claims, benefits & servicing costs include annuity payments and ongoing administration and customer support, plus drawdown processing and statement production; bereavement and policy-change handling drive peak service costs, and outsourced TPA fees add variable third-party margins—together these operational expenses form the largest component of Just Group’s servicing cost base in 2024.
Reinsurance premiums and structuring costs typically consume 5–10% of annuity premium income, with one-off structuring fees adding material uplift to deal costs. Hedging for interest rate and inflation risks averaged 0.5–1.0% pa of invested assets in 2024. Longevity analytics and model maintenance cost roughly £2–5m pa for a mid‑sized consolidator. Annual stress testing and governance budgets are commonly around £1m–2m.
Funding, capital & compliance
Funding and capital: higher debt costs versus 2024 Bank Rate 5.25% raise funding and liquidity premiums; regulatory levies (PRA/FCA and PRA FSCS) and 6–12 month liquidity buffers drive capital allocation and cost of funds.
Solvency, audit and actuarial oversight require SCR/compliance reporting, robust board governance, and cyber/data protection — average breach cost ~4.45 million (IBM, 2023/2024).
- debt-costs: Bank Rate 5.25% (2024)
- liquidity: 6–12 months buffer
- levies: PRA/FCA/FSCS
- oversight: SCR/compliance reporting
- cyber: avg breach ~$4.45m
Technology & operations
Core platforms, licensing and cloud hosting drive the bulk of tech spend—cloud often represents 20–30% of fintech IT budgets in 2024—while automation, integrations and API maintenance target 24–35% operational cost reductions per McKinsey 2024; data quality and BI investments (10–15% of tech spend) underpin risk analytics and reporting; property valuation and mortgage legal processing remain material per-loan costs (~£200–£600 in 2024).
- core-platforms
- cloud-hosting-20-30%-2024
- automation-24-35%-McKinsey-2024
- data-quality-BI-10-15%-tech-budget
- valuation-legal-£200-£600-per-loan-2024
Acquisition, distribution and adviser commissions (~50% of acquisition spend in 2024), marketing (~25%), partner training (~10%) and digital (~10%) are primary customer acquisition costs. Servicing (annuity payouts, admin, TPAs) is the largest ongoing expense; reinsurance/hedging add 5–10% plus 0.5–1% pa hedging. Tech/cloud (20–30% of IT), compliance, liquidity buffers (6–12 months) and higher debt costs (Bank Rate 5.25% 2024) drive capital and operating overheads.
| Item | 2024 Metric |
|---|---|
| Acq split | Comms 50% / Mkt 25% / Training 10% / Digital 10% |
| Hedging | 0.5–1.0% pa |
| Reinsurance | 5–10% premiums |
| Cloud | 20–30% IT spend |
| Bank Rate | 5.25% (2024) |
Revenue Streams
Annuity underwriting margin arises from pricing longevity risk above asset yields, driven in 2024 by gilt yields around 4.0% and Bank of England base rate near 5.25%, widening spread capture versus long-term liabilities.
Embedded options and loadings (policy charges and mortality margins) materially enhance economics, while experience gains and model refinements—including updated mortality tables—add incremental surplus.
Prudent reserving generates staged releases over time, supporting solvency and strengthening reported margins as calibrations and actual experience converge.
Net interest income on lifetime mortgages is generated from interest accrual and upfront/ongoing fees on equity release balances, with margins set to cover funding costs and credit/property risk. Drawdown utilisation increases effective yield as committed but undrawn balances convert to interest-bearing loans. Early repayment charges, where applied, protect margin and reduce prepayment risk. Bank of England Bank Rate was 5.25% at the start of 2024.
Investment returns come from coupons (~5% average corporate yields in 2024), dividends (FTSE/dividend cash flow ~4–4.6% in 2024) and illiquid asset spreads (circa 150 bps premium), with ALM alignment capturing term and inflation premia (around 1.0–1.5% combined). Active management targets incremental alpha of 50–100 bps, while disciplined credit selection drives resilience by reducing default and downgrade exposure.
Fees & ancillary charges
Fees and ancillary charges include arrangement, valuation and administration fees on plan setup and ongoing servicing, plus optional feature charges for add-ons like enhanced advice or flexible withdrawals; where regulators allow, policy change and document fees are applied. A clear, itemised fee schedule and published examples support customer acceptance and reduce complaints.
- Arrangement fee
- Valuation & admin fees
- Optional feature charges
- Policy/document change fees
- Transparent pricing boosts uptake
Reinsurance & hedging optimization gains
Reinsurance and hedging optimization drives economic benefits through more efficient risk transfer, lowering required regulatory capital and enabling capital relief that supports profitable growth and new product rollout while enhancing balance sheet flexibility to boost ROE.
- Risk transfer efficiency
- Capital relief enables growth
- Periodic recaptures unlock value
- Balance sheet management → higher ROE
Annuity margins benefit from gilt yields ~4.0% and Bank Rate 5.25% (2024), widening spread capture versus liabilities.
Lifetime mortgage NII driven by interest + fees; drawdown boosts yield; EPC/early repayment charges protect margin.
Investment returns: corporate yields ~5%, dividend yield ~4.3%, illiquid spread ~150bps; active alpha target 50–100bps.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Bank Rate | 5.25% |
| Gilt yield | ~4.0% |
| Corp yield | ~5% |
| Div yield | ~4.3% |