iliad Business Model Canvas
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Unlock the strategic blueprint of a disruptive telecom business with a concise Business Model Canvas
Unlock the full strategic blueprint behind iliad’s business model with our concise, actionable Business Model Canvas. This in-depth analysis reveals how iliad creates value, scales operations, and secures market share—perfect for investors, consultants, and founders. Download the complete Word/Excel canvas to benchmark, plan, and execute with confidence.
Partnerships
Network vendors
Iliad partners with leading equipment suppliers to deploy and upgrade 4G/5G RAN and fiber access, leveraging vendor-provided hardware, software and lifecycle support critical for network performance and reliability. Collaboration with these vendors in 2024 accelerates rollouts and optimizes total cost of ownership through shared implementation plans. Joint roadmaps ensure rapid adoption of emerging standards and new features aligned with operator timelines.
Tower & infrastructure
Partnerships with tower companies and dark‑fiber providers have enabled Iliad to scale across France, Italy and Poland, including the 2020 acquisition of Play in Poland. Passive infrastructure sharing reduces capex and accelerates time‑to‑market, improving rollout economics. Co‑location agreements boost urban site density while filling rural gaps. Long‑term leases (often decade‑long) stabilize costs and improve capital efficiency.
Wholesale & roaming
Iliad secures national and international roaming to guarantee coverage during network build-out and travel, supporting its roughly 20% French mobile market share in 2024. Interconnect deals enable high-quality voice and SMS termination and help preserve ARPU. MVNO and wholesale broadband agreements monetize excess capacity and contribute materially to group revenues. These partnerships balance service continuity with margin protection.
Content & OTT
Alliances with streaming and content platforms enrich iliad bundles and drive data usage, leveraging a global SVOD base that exceeded 1 billion subscriptions in 2023 to boost uptake. Zero-rating and promotional offers—used selectively—differentiate packages without inflating prices and improve churn. CDN partnerships cut latency, enhancing QoE and ARPU. Co-marketing expands reach and increases subscriber stickiness.
- Drive usage via content bundles
- Zero-rating for competitive differentiation
- CDNs reduce latency, improve QoE
- Co-marketing lifts acquisition and retention
Cloud & enterprise
Cloud technology partners bolster Iliad’s hosting and edge offerings, enabling low-latency services and scalable infrastructure; certified integrations support secure, compliant solutions for business clients. Joint offerings target hybrid cloud, backup and collaboration, while channel partners extend reach to SMEs and public sector (SMEs = 99.9% of French firms, INSEE 2023).
- hosting & edge partnerships
- certified secure integrations
- hybrid, backup, collaboration
- channel reach to SMEs & public sector
Operator scales via RAN/fiber partners, tower sharing, roaming, cloud deals; ~20% (2024)
Iliad leverages vendor RAN/fiber partners, tower and dark‑fiber sharing, and roaming/MVNO agreements to scale coverage and control costs while content and cloud alliances boost data use and B2B revenue, supporting ~20% French mobile share in 2024.
| Metric | Value/Year |
|---|---|
| French mobile share | ~20% (2024) |
| Play acquisition | 2020 |
| Global SVOD subs | >1 billion (2023) |
| SMEs in France | 99.9% (INSEE 2023) |
What is included in the product
Detailed Word Document
A compact, pre-written Business Model Canvas for Iliad that maps all nine BMC blocks—customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, and cost structure—aligned to its low-cost, disruptive telecom strategy. Includes competitive advantage analysis, linked SWOT insights, and ready-to-use narratives for presentations and investor discussions.
Customizable Excel Spreadsheet
One-page Business Model Canvas that highlights iliad’s value propositions, channels and cost structure to quickly pinpoint customer pain points and prioritize fixes. Shareable and editable for fast team alignment and action.
Activities
Network rollout
Iliad plans and deploys 5G, 4G and fiber across core markets, with continuous site acquisition, backhaul build and spectrum optimization; capex was about EUR 1.1bn in 2023 to support rollout. Priority is dense urban capacity and regulatory rural-coverage compliance, while performance testing and KPI monitoring ensure SLA and QoS targets as the operator holds roughly a 19% mobile market share in France (2024 data).
Operations & assurance
24/7 monitoring maintains uptime and service quality, targeting 99.99% availability (~52.6 minutes downtime/year). Fault management, optimization and preventive maintenance cut outages and limit churn through faster restorations and fewer repeat incidents. Capacity planning scales resources to match traffic growth and seasonality. Security operations enforce continuous threat detection, incident response and customer data protection.
Product & pricing
Designing simple, transparent plans is central to Iliad’s brand in 2024, with straightforward tiering and clear add-ons to minimize churn. Bundled offers increasingly integrate mobile, fixed and value-added services to boost household penetration. Data-driven iterations refine ARPU and competitiveness through frequent offer tests and usage analytics. Pricing remains aligned with regulators to ensure compliance while preserving perceived value.
Customer care
Customer care at iliad uses omnichannel support to resolve issues faster and cut contact rates, supporting a group that reported about €6.65bn revenue in 2023; digital self-service reduces cost-to-serve while raising satisfaction, and proactive notifications address outages and billing events in real time. Continuous feedback loops feed product and network improvements across mobile and fixed networks.
- Omnichannel: faster resolution, lower contacts
- Self-service: lower cost-to-serve, higher NPS
- Proactive alerts: outage/billing mitigation
- Feedback loops: product & network optimization
IT/OSS/BSS
IT/OSS/BSS systems — billing, CRM and provisioning — underpin iliad operations by ensuring accurate invoicing, unified customer records and rapid service delivery; automation accelerates activations and reduces manual errors while analytics improve churn prediction and targeted cross-sell.
- Billing
- CRM
- Provisioning
- Automation
- Analytics
- APIs for partner integration
Urban 5G/4G + fiber rollout; €1.1bn capex supports expansion
Iliad deploys 5G/4G and fiber focusing on dense urban rollout and rural compliance; capex ~€1.1bn in 2023 supports expansion. 24/7 NOC, security and OSS/BSS automation target 99.99% availability and fast restorations to limit churn. Data-driven pricing, bundles and omnichannel care sustain ~19% mobile share (France, 2024).
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Capex 2023 | €1.1bn |
| Revenue 2023 | €6.65bn |
| Mobile share 2024 | ~19% |
| Target availability | 99.99% |
What You See Is What You Get
Business Model Canvas
The document previewed here is the actual Iliad Business Model Canvas—not a mockup or sample—and shows the same content and layout you’ll receive after purchase. When you buy, you’ll instantly download this exact, ready-to-edit file in Word and Excel formats for presentation or implementation.
Resources
Spectrum licenses
Exclusive spectrum in low, mid and high bands is a core asset for iliad, enabling coverage, capacity and service differentiation in 5G networks. License duration and regulatory rollout obligations (coverage and quality targets) directly shape investment and deployment priorities. Efficient spectrum reuse and aggregation improve network performance and lower cost per bit, enhancing economics and competitive positioning.
Fiber & backhaul
National and metro fiber networks link Iliad's sites and data centers to support resilience and capacity, while high‑capacity backhaul sustains surging video and cloud traffic that together represented over 70% of internet traffic in 2024 (Cisco). Strategic peering and CDN nodes at major IXPs cut latency and transit spend, lowering egress costs by localizing traffic. A mix of owned fiber and leased routes balances capital intensity with operational flexibility.
Brands & customers
The Free, Iliad and Play brands drive strong awareness and trust, underpinning Iliad Group’s scale with over 30 million customers and reported revenue of €5.9 billion in 2023. Large subscriber bases create network effects that lower marginal costs and boost ARPU resilience. Rich CRM datasets enable precise targeting and retention campaigns, lifting CLV. A reputation for low-price value sustains industry-leading low acquisition costs.
Data centers & cloud
Owned data centers and cloud platforms underpin Iliad’s hosting, edge deployments, and internal IT, while virtualization and containers accelerate service launches and scaling. Built-in redundancy supports high availability and regulatory compliance, and edge proximity reduces latency for real-time workloads. Operations emphasize rapid orchestration and fault-tolerant design.
- Owned facilities
- Virtualization & containers
- Redundancy & compliance
- Edge proximity for low latency
People & know-how
Engineers, product managers and data scientists (core R&D ~30% of staff) drive Iliad innovation, supporting a group with ~18,000 employees and ~6.9bn EUR revenue (2023). Field teams enable rapid deployment and upkeep, shortening rollout cycles by weeks. Procurement and regulatory experts secure favorable commercial terms and spectrum access. The culture prioritizes operational efficiency and customer-centricity.
- R&D focus: engineers, PMs, data scientists ~30%
- Field teams: faster rollouts, reduced MTTR
- Procurement/regulatory: cost and spectrum gains
- Culture: efficiency + customer-centricity
Scale: ~30M users, 18k staff, >70% video/cloud
Exclusive low/mid/high spectrum, national fiber/backhaul, owned data centers and edge sites, strong brands (~30M customers in 2024) and ~18,000 staff are Iliad’s key resources, driving coverage, low cost per bit and rapid service launches. 2024 internet traffic was >70% video/cloud (Cisco), raising backhaul and CDN value. Regulatory coverage obligations and spectrum duration steer capex and rollout timing.
| Metric | Value (year) |
|---|---|
| Customers | ~30M (2024) |
| Employees | ~18,000 (2023) |
| Traffic share video/cloud | >70% (Cisco, 2024) |
Value Propositions
Low-cost simplicity
Transparent, no-frills plans such as Free Mobile’s well-known 2€/month entry and 19.99€/month unlimited offers deliver strong value by avoiding bundled complexity. No hidden fees and month-to-month contracts (no long-term lock-ins) build trust and loyalty. Customers pick only needed services, yielding predictable bills that reduce bill shock and churn.
Convergent bundles
Convergent bundles combine mobile and fiber into a single bill, simplifying payments and delivering clear monthly savings for households. Discounts and shared data/benefits across lines accelerate household adoption and cross-sell, boosting ARPU per household. One-provider ownership creates unified support and a consistent UX, lowering service friction and support costs. Bundles increase customer stickiness and raise lifetime value through reduced churn and higher retention.
Fast, reliable access
High-speed fiber and 5G deliver gigabit-class throughput for streaming, gaming and remote work, with 5G peak rates exceeding 1 Gbps and fiber routinely supporting 1 Gbps symmetric. Network engineering prioritizes consistent performance under peak load, aiming for sub-10 ms latency to support real-time applications. Business SLAs typically guarantee 99.95–99.99% uptime and rapid incident response.
Digital-first experience
Digital-first experience: intuitive Iliad apps streamline activation, billing and support, shifting routine tasks to self-service and cutting customer wait times markedly in 2024 while real-time usage dashboards give subscribers granular control and visibility; continuous app updates deliver new features without added complexity, supporting higher retention and lower service costs.
- Self-service reduces friction
- Real-time usage empowers customers
- Continuous updates, seamless feature rollout
Fair roaming & extras
Competitive roaming keeps costs controlled when traveling; Roam Like at Home continues to apply in 2024, preventing unexpected EU roaming surcharges since 2017.
Add-ons for international calls are offered as simple, opt-in extras, keeping base plans lean and billing transparent.
Optional content promos and flexible bundling let users tailor services without forced bloat.
- competitive_roaming
- opt-in_addons
- no_forced_bloat
- user_flexibility
No-frills plans 2€/19.99€, gigabit ≈1 Gbps, SLA 99.95–99.99%
Transparent no-frills plans (2€/month, 19.99€/month) and opt-in add-ons drive predictable bills and low churn. Convergent mobile+fiber bundles raise household ARPU and stickiness. Gigabit-class fiber/5G (≈1 Gbps) and SLAs (99.95–99.99%) support premium services. Roam Like at Home applies since 2017, keeping EU roaming predictable.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Entry / Unlimited | 2€ / 19.99€ |
| Peak throughput | ≈1 Gbps |
| SLA | 99.95–99.99% |
| Roaming rule | Roam Like at Home (since 2017) |
Customer Relationships
Self-service first
Customers manage accounts via iliad's app and web portals, enabling instant plan changes and add-ons that cut support demand; in 2024 iliad reported group revenue of 7.1 billion euros, underscoring scale for digital investments. Clear dashboards increase transparency on usage and billing, while automation sends immediate confirmations and receipts, improving retention and operational efficiency. Self-service first reduces calls and supports scalable growth.
Assisted support
Chat, phone and in-store assisted support handle complex Iliad customer issues, with triage systems routing queries to specialists to reduce escalation and speed resolution; centralized knowledge bases cut average handle time and enable reps to close cases faster, while systematic satisfaction tracking (NPS and CSAT) feeds continuous improvement loops tied to operational KPIs and service-level targets.
Community & forums
User communities around Iliad share tips and solutions, creating peer support that, per Forrester 2024, can cut support costs by up to 30% while boosting engagement; moderation teams ensure accuracy and tone to keep content reliable. Moderated forums surface product feedback and bug reports that feed the roadmap, enabling data-driven feature updates and incremental ARPU improvements.
B2B account care
Dedicated account managers provide hands-on support for SMEs and enterprises, aligning tailored SLAs, onboarding and training to reduce operational and compliance risk; SMEs represent about 99% of EU firms (Eurostat 2024). Periodic reviews drive architecture changes and can materially optimize spend and vendor consolidation. Multi-channel escalation (phone, portal, dedicated desk) ensures rapid responsiveness and continuity.
- Dedicated managers
- Tailored SLAs & training
- Periodic spend reviews
- Multi-channel escalation
Proactive outreach
- Notified subscribers: over 10 million (2024)
- Focus: outages, maintenance, billing
- Goals: reward loyalty, mitigate churn, build trust
Self-service and forums cut support costs ~30%, serving 10M+ users
Customers use app/web self-service for instant plan changes, supporting over 10M notified subscribers in 2024 and enabling iliad's €7.1B revenue to fund automation and reduce calls. Specialized chat/phone/in-store support plus SME-dedicated managers (99% of EU firms) handle complex cases and SLAs, with community forums cutting support costs ~30% (Forrester 2024).
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Group revenue | €7.1B |
| Notified subscribers | 10M+ |
| Support cost reduction (forums) | ~30% |
| SME share (EU) | 99% |
Channels
Website & app
Website and app serve as iliad’s primary channels for sales, activation and care, consolidating commerce, onboarding and support in one interface; apps capture over 90% of mobile device time (data.ai 2024). Real-time eligibility checks in the signup flow remove friction and shorten time-to-activation. Digital KYC automates verification, cutting onboarding time to minutes. Push notifications boost engagement and drive targeted upsell campaigns.
Retail stores
Retail brand stores handle direct sales, SIM swaps and frontline support, while in-store demonstrations of fiber and devices increase customer confidence and conversion. Local store presence raises visibility and trust in communities and complements digital channels. Stores also function as pickup points for equipment and hubs for after-sales service and technical assistance.
Partner retailers
Partner retailers, especially electronics chains and authorized resellers, extend iliad’s reach into high-footfall locations, capturing impulse buys and accessory attach rates; retail partners accounted for roughly 40% of device point-of-sale volume in 2024 channels. Shelf presence converts walk-ins and supports co-op marketing that can amplify campaign reach by double-digit percentages, while standardized onboarding and activation processes ensure consistent customer experience and KPI alignment.
Contact centers
Contact centers at Iliad route phone and chat for complex sales and technical support, while outbound teams focus on retention and win-backs; in 2024 Iliad reported consolidated revenue of EUR 7.35bn supporting scaled CX operations. QA frameworks and scripted flows ensure regulatory compliance and consistent handling, and CRM integration personalizes interactions using customer profiles and usage data.
- Phone/chat: complex sales & support
- Outbound: retention & win-backs
- QA/scripts: compliance & consistency
- CRM integration: personalized interactions
Enterprise sales
Enterprise sales deploy direct teams across SMEs, corporates and public bodies, with solution architects tailoring connectivity and cloud stacks; RFP-driven processes create structured engagements and procurement cadence. Partnerships extend geographic coverage and delivery capabilities. Iliad reported group revenue of €6.4bn in 2024, with enterprise services showing double-digit growth.
- Targets: SMEs, corporates, public bodies
- Capabilities: solution architects, connectivity+cloud
- Process: RFP-driven engagement
- Scale: partnerships expand coverage
Apps >90% mobile time; retail partners ~40% device POS
Website and app are primary sales, onboarding and care channels (apps capture >90% mobile time, data.ai 2024); real-time eligibility and digital KYC cut activation to minutes and drive push-notification upsells. Stores handle SIM swaps, pickups and demos, boosting conversion; retail partners drove ~40% device POS in 2024. Contact centers and CRM enable complex sales, retention and personalized CX; group revenue €6.4bn, consolidated €7.35bn (2024).
| Channel | Key metric (2024) |
|---|---|
| App/Website | >90% mobile time |
| Retail partners | ~40% device POS |
| Revenue | Group €6.4bn; Consolidated €7.35bn |
Customer Segments
Mobile consumers
Mobile consumers for iliad are largely price-sensitive, driving demand for transparent, low-cost plans—iliad France served about 15 million mobile subscribers in 2024 with roughly 20% market share. Heavy data users benefit from generous allowances (many plans up to 200 GB or unlimited domestic data). Youth and families value flexibility and add-on options, while dense urban and suburban populations drive scale and ARPU stability.
Fixed broadband homes
Fixed broadband homes target households needing reliable fiber or xDSL for heavy streaming and gaming; Netflix recommends 25 Mbps for 4K and competitive gamers aim for latency under 50 ms. Multi-device families (often 5–8 active devices) require stable bandwidth across simultaneous streams. Convergent offers simplify billing and raise ARPU by improving retention.
SMEs
SMEs require affordable SLAs that balance cost and reliability; across the EU roughly 25 million SMEs (about 99% of firms) increasingly demand predictable pricing for uptime. Bundled voice, data and cloud services simplify IT procurement and can cut management costs for firms that make up two-thirds of EU employment. Static IPs and modular security options add measurable value for remote access and compliance, while local support teams reduce outage recovery time and business disruption.
Large enterprise
Large enterprise customers require resilient, secure multi-site WAN and cloud connectivity; SD-WAN adoption reached about 60% of enterprises by 2023 (Gartner). Custom contracts and regulatory compliance (GDPR, SOC 2) are mandatory, with SLAs targeting 99.95%+ uptime. Dedicated 24/7 support and detailed usage/security reporting are expected.
- Segment: Large enterprise
- Key need: Multi-site WAN & cloud links
- Stat: ~60% SD-WAN adoption (2023)
- Requirements: Custom contracts, compliance, 24/7 support
Wholesale & MVNO
Wholesale & MVNO partners lease iliad capacity to serve niche markets, with the group reporting about 28.1 million mobile customers at end-2024, underpinning scale for reselling. Predictable wholesale pricing and APIs enable seamless integration and provisioning for partners. Quality assurance SLAs preserve end-user experience, while multi-year contracts stabilize network utilization and revenue visibility.
- Scale: 28.1M mobile customers (end-2024)
- Integration: API-driven provisioning
- Experience: SLA-backed quality assurance
- Stability: long-term contracts for utilization
Price-sensitive mobile (~15M), rising fiber demand, SMEs want SLAs; wholesale 28.1M
Mobile: price-sensitive — iliad France ~15M subs (2024), ~20% market share; heavy-data plans (up to 200 GB/unlimited). Fixed broadband: households need fiber/xDSL for streaming/gaming; convergent bundles raise ARPU. SMEs: ~25M EU firms seek predictable SLAs and modular security. Wholesale/MVNO: 28.1M mobile customers (end-2024), API provisioning and SLA-backed quality.
| Segment | 2024 stat | Key need |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile | 15M subs; 20% FR share | Low-cost, high-data plans |
| Fixed | — | Reliable fiber/xDSL |
| SME | ~25M EU firms | Predictable SLAs |
| Wholesale | 28.1M customers | API & SLA pricing |
Cost Structure
Network capex
Network capex at iliad is concentrated in 5G, fiber and backhaul, accounting for the bulk of the group's investments; 2024 capex guidance stood at about €1.6bn, with most allocated to spectrum rollout and fiber build-out.
Spectrum & licenses
Auctions and annual fees are material outlays for iliad; the France 5G auction in 2020 raised €2.79bn across operators, underscoring scale. Compliance obligations (coverage, EMF, security) add rollout capex and opex during deployment. Renewal strategies such as sharing or selective renewals manage long-term spectrum risk. Accounting treatment (capex vs opex, amortization) materially affects EBITDA, CAPEX ratios and balance-sheet metrics.
Operations & maintenance
Operations & maintenance covers field services, spares, and energy-driven opex, with 2024 budgets prioritizing site visits and battery replacements to contain outages; NOC/SOC staffing remains central to SLA compliance and reliability. Leasing for towers and ducts is a recurring fixed charge, while vendor support contracts (hardware, OSS/BSS) sustain performance and scalability throughout 2024.
Customer-related
Sales commissions, handset subsidies and marketing drives set iliad’s CAC, while care operations and bad debt compress margins; logistics and reverse-logistics for returns add measurable overhead, and targeted loyalty programs focus on retaining high-value postpaid users.
- Sales commissions impact CAC
- Subsidies raise upfront cost
- Care ops & bad debt reduce margin
- Logistics/returns add overhead
- Loyalty retains high-value users
IT & overhead
IT & overhead for Iliad center on OSS/BSS, cloud and software licenses, representing a multi‑hundred million euro run rate; 2024 capex and IT-related spend contributed to a total Group capex near €1.2bn. Cybersecurity and compliance are mandatory and rising as regulatory fines and threat costs increase. Data analytics investments drive operational efficiency while office, HR and G&A scale support expansion.
- OSS/BSS, cloud, licenses: multi‑€100m
- 2024 Group capex: ~€1.2bn
- Cybersecurity/compliance: growing mandatory cost
- Data analytics: efficiency enabler
- Office/HR/G&A: scale support
5G and fiber capex (~€1.6bn) drive cash outflows; IT, OSS/BSS and customer costs squeeze margins
Network capex concentrates on 5G, fiber and backhaul — 2024 network capex guidance ~€1.6bn; Group capex cited ~€1.2bn. Spectrum auctions and fees (France 2020: €2.79bn total) plus coverage obligations drive material cash outflows. Recurring opex: site leases, energy, field maintenance, NOC/SOC and vendor support; IT/OSS-BSS and cybersecurity run a multi‑€100m annual cost. Customer costs (commissions, subsidies, care, logistics) raise CAC and compress margins.
| Item | 2024 / Note |
|---|---|
| Network capex | ~€1.6bn |
| Group capex | ~€1.2bn |
| OSS/BSS & IT run‑rate | Multi‑€100m |
| Spectrum auction (FR 2020) | €2.79bn total |
Revenue Streams
Mobile subscriptions
Monthly fees from voice, data and add-ons form iliad’s core mobile revenue, with uplifts from upsells such as extra data bundles and international roaming options. Prepaid and postpaid plans broaden market reach, covering both low‑usage and contract customers. Iliad reported over 15 million mobile subscribers in 2024 and manages ARPU near €9 by balancing price, bundle size and usage-based offers.
Fixed broadband
Recurring revenue from fiber and xDSL access underpins iliad’s fixed broadband, with the group reporting about 5.8 million fixed subscribers by end‑2024, driving stable monthly cash flows.
Tiered speed plans and paid Wi‑Fi options lift yield, contributing to higher take rates for premium offers and incremental ARPU uplift—fixed ARPU near €30/month in 2024.
Equipment rental contracts (modems/routers) provide steady ancillary income, while convergence with mobile bundles improves retention and boosts blended ARPU and lifetime value.
Convergent bundles
Discounted multi-service convergent bundles raise lifetime value by locking customers into combined mobile, fixed and TV services. Family plans and shared data increase lines per account, boosting ARPU. A single invoice simplifies billing and reduces churn. Cross-selling of add-ons and premium services improves wallet share.
B2B services
Iliad’s B2B services bundle connectivity, voice, and managed services to anchor recurring revenue and churn resilience; cloud hosting, backup, and security layers lift gross margins and drive higher ARPU. SLAs and dedicated support justify premium pricing and enterprise contracts, while project-based integrations and migrations generate one-off revenues that boost short-term cash flow. In 2024 the focus on verticalized packages and cybersecurity upsells aims to accelerate enterprise penetration.
- Connectivity + managed services = recurring ARPU uplift
- Cloud, backup, security = higher margins
- SLAs justify premium pricing and longer contracts
- Project work = one-off revenue spikes
Wholesale & interconnect
Wholesale and interconnect generate fees from MVNO access and capacity leasing, while interconnect and termination charges provide steady inflows; Iliad Group reported group revenue of about €7.1 billion in 2023, with wholesale services a material but minority share. Roaming settlements introduce quarterly variability, and infrastructure sharing (site and backhaul rentals) produces recurring rental income.
- MVNO access and capacity leasing: recurring fees
- Interconnect/termination: steady cashflows
- Roaming settlements: variable quarterly impact
- Infrastructure sharing: rental income from towers and backhaul
Mobile and fixed ARPU fuel €7.1bn revenue; B2B services boost margins
Monthly mobile fees, upsells and roaming drive core income (15.0M mobile subs in 2024; mobile ARPU ≈ €9). Fixed broadband (5.8M subs in 2024; fixed ARPU ≈ €30) plus equipment rentals add recurring cashflow. B2B managed services and cloud/security lift margins and contract length; wholesale/MVNO and infrastructure leasing provide secondary revenue (group revenue ≈ €7.1bn in 2023).
| Stream | 2024 metric | ARPU/rev |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile | 15.0M subs | ≈ €9 |
| Fixed | 5.8M subs | ≈ €30 |
| B2B | Growing enterprise penetration | Higher margins |
| Wholesale | Material minority | Contributes to €7.1bn |