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Unlock the full Business Model Canvas for Fangda Carbon New Material to see how it creates value across customers, partnerships, and revenue streams. This concise, section-by-section analysis reveals growth levers and risks—perfect for investors, strategists, and founders. Purchase the complete, editable canvas to apply its insights directly to your strategy.
Partnerships
Fangda secures multi-year (typically 3–5 year) contracts for needle coke, petroleum coke and coal tar pitch to stabilize supply and pricing. Quality and consistency of these inputs directly affect electrode conductivity and lifetime, so stringent supplier audits and dual-sourcing reduce disruption risk. Strategic supplier R&D collaborations aim to improve specs and target material-cost reductions of around 5–8% by 2024.
Partner with furnace, pressing, baking and graphitization OEMs to co-develop high-temperature (up to 3,000°C), energy-efficient equipment that, per 2024 industry benchmarks, can cut energy use by up to 20% and lift throughput ~15%. Maintenance and upgrade agreements ensure stable yield and quality, lowering defect rates by ~10–25% in joint programs. Joint pilots accelerate scale-up, shortening time-to-spec by months and reducing capex risk.
Collaborations with universities and research institutes accelerate Fangda Carbon’s work on carbon microstructure, binder systems and novel composites, leveraging access to university labs and talent pools that supported over 2.4% national R&D-to-GDP intensity in China (2023). Joint projects and co-filed patents—university–industry filings numbered in the tens of thousands nationally—boost innovation velocity and IP stacks. Government-backed programs reduce R&D risk via co-funding and grants, while structured knowledge transfer strengthens internal capabilities and skilling pipelines.
Key industrial customers as co-development allies
Form application partnerships with EAF steelmakers and non-ferrous smelters to co-develop electrodes and block grades; EAFs now represent about 30% of global steel output (2023–24), creating material demand for advanced carbon products. Real-production trials refine grade specs and, combined with shared performance data, enable warranty-backed guarantees and optimized lifetime replacement cycles. Long-term offtake agreements stabilize demand and support capital recovery amid a roughly USD 6 billion graphite electrode market in 2024.
- Co-development with EAFs/non-ferrous smelters
- Real-production trials to refine grades
- Data-sharing for performance guarantees
- Long-term offtake agreements to stabilize demand
Logistics and energy providers
Aligning with rail, port and specialized handlers reduces lead times and breakage for bulky, fragile graphitization shipments; China’s rail network (~155,000 km in 2024) enables large-volume routing. Reliable energy utilities sustain high-load graphitization cycles and onsite backup avoids costly downtime. Sourcing green power PPAs improves ESG credentials and appeals to institutional buyers.
- Rail-port-specialized handlers: coordinated routing, reduced breakage
- Reliable utilities: stable high-load cycles, onsite backup
- Green power: PPAs strengthen ESG
- Coordinated planning: shorter lead times, lower losses
Fangda’s key partnerships secure 3–5 year supply contracts (needle coke, pitch) and target supplier cost cuts of 5–8% by 2024. OEM co-development aims for −20% energy and +15% throughput in graphitization, reducing defects 10–25%. EAF/offtake partnerships (EAF ~30% steel; graphite electrode market ≈USD 6B in 2024) stabilize demand and enable warranty-backed trials.
| Partner | Metric |
|---|---|
| Suppliers | 3–5y contracts; −5–8% cost |
| OEMs | −20% energy; +15% throughput |
What is included in the product
A comprehensive Business Model Canvas for Fangda Carbon New Material detailing nine blocks—customer segments (automotive, energy storage, industrial), value propositions (high-performance carbon solutions), channels, key partners, revenue streams, cost structure and key activities—highlighting competitive advantages and linked SWOT insights for investor presentations and strategic planning.
High-level view of Fangda Carbon New Material’s business model that pinpoints pain points and offers editable, shareable cells for fast team alignment and solutioning.
Activities
R&D focuses on new graphite electrode grades, special graphite and carbon fiber variants optimized for higher density, conductivity, oxidation resistance and thermal shock performance. Pilot-scale validation bridges lab-to-plant with scalable lines enabling commercial trials in 2024. IP protection includes over 200 patents and trade secrets to secure process and material advantages. Development targets improve performance and yield while reducing unit cost.
Execute mixing, molding, baking, impregnation, rebaking and graphitization under integrated production lines, supporting annual capacity expansions in 2024. SPC and inline inspection maintain tight tolerances, reducing defect rates to single-digit percentages. Furnace cycle optimization cut energy intensity about 10% to ~2,000 kWh/ton in 2024. Continuous yield improvements have lowered unit cost by roughly 8% year-on-year.
Qualify suppliers and manage critical raw material inventories through strict supplier audits and batch-level controls to ensure feedstock consistency. Implement full lot traceability from coke receipt to finished product using barcode and ERP-linked records. Conduct incoming and final QC with standardized protocols and KPI-driven sampling plans. Rapid corrective actions and containment procedures restore process control and maintain customer specifications.
Application engineering and technical service
Application engineering teams match grades to furnace parameters and operating practices, conduct on-site audits, start-up support and root-cause failure analysis to optimize electrode life and performance.
They train customer teams on best practices to reduce consumption and costs, and maintain feedback loops that directly inform product roadmaps and specification updates.
- On-site audits and start-up support
- Failure analysis and grade-to-furnace matching
- Customer training to cut consumption
- Feedback-driven product roadmap
Global sales and key account management
Global sales and key account management focus on steel, non-ferrous, new energy, and aerospace customers, securing multi-year contracts with volume and price clauses to stabilize revenue and margins; activities align with 2024 market demand shifts and evolving compliance standards.
- Target sectors: steel, non-ferrous, new energy, aerospace
- Contract model: multi-year with volume & price clauses
- Ongoing: market trend & compliance monitoring (2024)
- Operational: coordinated forecasts to balance capacity vs demand
R&D advances higher-density, oxidation-resistant electrodes; >200 patents; pilot commercial trials in 2024.
Integrated production mixing→graphitization; 2024 energy ~2,000 kWh/ton; defect rates single-digit; unit cost -8% YoY.
Supplier audits, ERP lot traceability and batch controls secure feedstock consistency.
Sales focus steel, non-ferrous, new energy, aerospace via multi-year contracts to match 2024 demand.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Patents | 200+ |
| Energy (kWh/ton) | ~2,000 |
| Unit cost YoY | -8% |
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Resources
Proprietary binder systems and process recipes underpin product performance and yield, supported by over 600 global patents and 120+ 2024 filings that protect margins against commoditization. Documented recipes and QA protocols enable rapid tech transfer across production lines, cutting scale-up time by weeks. Ongoing patent filings in 2024 reinforce a widening competitive moat and licensing leverage.
Fangda Carbon relies on large-capacity baking and graphitization furnaces operating above 2,800°C as core assets for high-performance carbon products. Presses, CNC machining with typical tolerances around ±10 µm, and continuous impregnation lines ensure dimensional precision and material densification. Integrated sensors and control software target stable throughput and asset uptime above 95%, underpinning delivery reliability.
Materials scientists, process engineers and QA experts form the core of Fangda Carbon New Material’s manufacturing capability, preserving tacit know-how in furnace cycles and microstructure tuning that directly affects product yield and service life. Structured training programs and certifications reduce process variability and safety incidents, while cross-functional teams—linking R&D, production and QC—accelerate root-cause resolution and product qualification.
Secured raw material access
Secured access to needle coke and pitch underpins Fangda Carbon New Material, with these feedstocks driving anode/cathode cost and performance. Multi-year framework agreements in 2024 cover about 70% of volumes, dampening spot-price shocks and stabilizing margins. Safety stocks of 60–90 days buffer supplier lead times while close supplier relationships enable co-innovation on feedstock grades.
- Strategic feedstocks: needle coke, pitch
- Contract coverage: ~70% (2024)
- Safety stock: 60–90 days
- Supplier ties: co-innovation
Brand reputation and certifications
Fangda Carbon leverages a strong track record in graphite electrodes and special graphite to build trust with heavy industrial customers; proven performance data from prior projects underpins competitive bids and reduces procurement friction. ISO and industry certifications enable access to regulated steel and aluminum markets, while reference customers de-risk adoption by validating long-term reliability and supply continuity.
- Track record: established graphite electrode expertise
- Certifications: ISO and industry approvals for regulated markets
- Data-driven bids: performance records support proposals
- Reference customers: reduce adoption risk
Proprietary binder recipes protected by 600+ global patents and 120+ filings in 2024 secure margins and speed tech transfer. Core assets include >2,800°C graphitization furnaces and CNC presses with ±10 µm tolerances, targeting >95% uptime. Feedstock coverage ~70% in 2024 with 60–90 days safety stock; skilled R&D/QA teams cut scale-up by weeks.
| Resource | Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| IP | Patents / filings | 600+ / 120+ |
| Assets | Furnace temp / uptime | >2,800°C / >95% |
| Feedstock | Contract coverage / safety stock | ~70% / 60–90 days |
Value Propositions
Electrodes and graphite components deliver high conductivity and durability, proven in 2024 industry trials to sustain longer arc stability. Lower breakage and reduced consumption cut melt shop raw material and downtime costs, improving unit economics. Consistent product quality enhances furnace productivity and campaign lengths. Proven 2024 performance records further minimize operational and supply-chain risks.
As of 2024 Fangda Carbon offers grades tailored to amperage, furnace size and process chemistry, enabling electrodes matched to customer melting profiles. Machined components delivered to precise dimensions shorten installation time and reduce downtime. Co-developed specifications align with customer KPIs, while flexible minimum order quantities support pilot runs through full-scale operations.
Optimized production planning reduced ETA variance by 15% in 2024, supporting a 97.5% on-time delivery rate; strategic inventories averaging 18 days of cover cut downtime risk for key clients. Robust logistics tightened transit damage to under 0.3% and lowered claims costs, while 100% real-time tracking visibility improved customer confidence and order transparency.
Total cost of ownership advantages
Total cost of ownership improves as Fangda’s energy-efficient carbon products lower kWh per ton by 12–18%, extend electrode life ~25% reducing changeovers and labor, and cut overall electrode consumption 10–15%, boosting margins; ongoing technical support preserves these savings across asset lifecycles.
- kWh/ton reduction: 12–18%
- Electrode life: +25%
- Electrode consumption: -10–15%
- Lifecycle support: sustained savings
ESG and quality assurance
- Process efficiency: aligns with China 2060 target
- Compliance: eases 2024 CSRD-style audits
- Traceability: supports responsible sourcing
- Data QA: enables ISO/third-party certification
High-conductivity electrodes cut kWh/ton 12–18% and electrode consumption 10–15%, extending life ~25% (2024 trials) to lower TCO. 97.5% on-time delivery, 15% ETA variance reduction and 18-day inventory cover minimize downtime and supply risk. Transit damage under 0.3% and real-time tracking improve reliability; ESG alignment aids 2024 CSRD-style reporting.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| kWh/ton | -12–18% |
| Electrode life | +25% |
| Consumption | -10–15% |
| On-time | 97.5% |
| Transit damage | <0.3% |
Customer Relationships
Named key account managers handle contracts, forecasts and issue resolution for strategic clients, ensuring continuity and accountability. Regular quarterly business reviews align production plans and pricing with customer demand and market signals. Rapid escalation paths to operations and R&D limit downtime and speed recovery of supply. In 2024 China accounted for over 50% of global carbon fiber capacity, and long-term trust increases share of wallet for suppliers like Fangda Carbon.
In 2024 technical co-development programs run joint trials to optimize grade selection and operating parameters, accelerating scale-up and reducing ramp time. Shared KPIs quantify performance gains such as cycle life and yield improvements, tracked in monthly dashboards. Confidential data agreements and IP clauses secure proprietary formulations and process data. Proven success cases are scaled to other sites through standardized transfer protocols.
Field engineers support commissioning and troubleshooting, cutting startup time by 18% in 2024. Operator training lowered handling damage and breakage by 22% year-over-year in 2024. Root-cause analysis closed 85% of recurrence cases, preventing repeat failures. Documented SOPs sustained 95% compliance across customer sites, preserving product integrity and reducing warranty costs.
Digital support and order portals
Customers track orders, specs and certificates online through Fangda Carbon portals; ticketing shortened average support response times by 35% in 2024. Analytics dashboards reveal ~20% quarterly consumption variance, enabling demand smoothing. ERP integration reduced procurement cycle times by about 30% versus 2023, improving cash conversion.
- order-tracking
- ticketing-35%
- analytics-20%
- ERP-integration-30%
Proactive performance monitoring
Proactive performance monitoring collects real‑time usage data to flag anomalies early, suggests parameter tweaks to extend component life, and schedules preventative replacements to avoid outages; 2024 operations target detection within 24 hours and reduced unplanned stops. Reports quantify delivered value in uptime and cost‑avoidance metrics for customers.
- detect: 24h
- extend: parameter tweaks
- prevent: scheduled replacements
- report: uptime & cost avoided
Named key account managers, quarterly business reviews and rapid escalation drive supply continuity and margin capture; 2024 China held >50% global carbon fiber capacity. Technical co-development, shared KPIs and IP safeguards speed scale-up; operator training cut handling damage 22% and commissioning time 18% in 2024. Portals, ticketing and ERP integration shortened support and procurement cycles by ~35% and 30% respectively.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| China capacity share | >50% |
| Support response | -35% |
| Procurement cycle | -30% |
| Commissioning time | -18% |
| Handling damage | -22% |
| RCA closure | 85% |
| SOP compliance | 95% |
| Detection target | 24h |
Channels
Engage large steel and smelting groups with complex needs, targeting multi-site contracts that stabilize volumes across plants; China's crude steel output remained near 1.02 billion tonnes in 2023 and stayed broadly flat into 2024, supporting steady demand. Dedicated technical teams run on-site trials and set standards, while direct relationships with key accounts shorten procurement cycles and speed purchase decisions by weeks to months.
Regional distributors and agents extend Fangda Carbon New Material reach into fragmented and overseas markets, supporting sales across Asia, Europe and the Americas. Local inventory shortens delivery windows, often enabling JIT shipments to industrial customers. Agents provide cultural and regulatory expertise to navigate local certification and trade rules. Performance incentives align distributor growth with Fangda’s targets as the global carbon fiber market exceeded USD 6 billion in 2024.
In 2024 Fangda Carbon New Material's B2B digital platform offers an online catalog with detailed specs and certifications to simplify selection. Integrated order tracking and automated documentation cut administrative burden and audit friction. API links enable seamless EDI connections with major buyers. Real-time digital quotes compress cycle time to hours rather than days.
Industry trade shows and forums
Industry trade shows and forums let Fangda Carbon showcase new grades and case studies with live demos that build technical credibility and shorten sales cycles; speaking slots further position the firm as a materials authority and attract OEM decision-makers. Events also serve as a source of leads and competitive intelligence, informing product roadmaps and pricing strategies.
OEM and integrator partnerships
Fangda bundles graphite components with furnaces and OEM equipment, enabling co-marketing that reaches capex buyers early; China supplied about 80% of global synthetic graphite electrode capacity in 2024, supporting scale advantages. Standardized modules lower integration risk and tight aftermarket linkage drives repeat sales and service revenues.
- Bundle with OEMs: early capex access
- Co-marketing: shortens sales cycle
- Standardization: reduces integration risk
- Aftermarket: recurring revenue, service-led growth
Fangda targets large steel/smelters for multi-site contracts to stabilize volumes as China crude steel output held near 1.02bn t in 2023–24, with technical teams accelerating purchase decisions. Regional distributors and agents expand reach across Asia, Europe and Americas, enabling JIT delivery as the global carbon fiber market topped USD 6bn in 2024. B2B digital platform and OEM bundles shorten cycles, boost repeat service revenues; China supplied ~80% of synthetic graphite electrode capacity in 2024.
| Channel | Role | 2024 metric |
|---|---|---|
| Key accounts | Volume stability | China steel ~1.02bn t |
| Distributors | Market reach/JIT | Carbon fiber >USD6bn |
| Digital/API | Cycle compression | Quotes in hours |
| OEM bundles | Capex access | Graphite capacity 80% |
Customer Segments
EAF steelmakers and mini-mills are the primary large-scale users of graphite electrodes, prioritizing cost per ton, furnace uptime, and operator safety; they demand consistent electrode performance and secure logistics. Reliable multi-year supply frameworks are common to hedge price volatility and ensure continuous production. Fangda’s emphasis on stable quality and timely deliveries aligns with these buyer priorities.
Non-ferrous smelters (aluminum, copper and others) rely on Fangda Carbon for carbon blocks and specialty graphite to withstand high thermal stress and corrosive fluxes; global primary aluminum output was about 67 million tonnes in 2024 and refined copper ~25 million tonnes. Custom shapes and controlled purity levels are critical for electrode life and metal quality. Dedicated service support reduces process variability and helps stabilize throughput.
Graphite materials from Fangda support anode production and equipment components, with anode-grade graphite demand rising alongside global lithium-ion battery deployments of roughly 900 GWh in 2024. Purity and microstructure control (particle size, tap density, first-cycle Coulombic efficiency) are critical for performance and yield. Certifications and traceability (ISO, battery supply-chain audits) increasingly influence procurement and pricing. Rapid EV and ESS demand growth drives volume opportunities and scale economies.
Machinery and industrial manufacturing
Machinery and industrial manufacturing customers use Fangda’s graphite for high-temperature, wear-resistant and self-lubricating applications, with graphite sublimation occurring near 3652°C; they demand precision machining (tolerances to ~0.01 mm) and reliable, on-time delivery for production continuity. Batch diversity skews smaller and varied, and dedicated engineering support shortens specification-to-adoption cycles.
- High-temp durability: sublimation ~3652°C
- Precision machining: tolerances ≈0.01 mm
- Delivery reliability: critical for uptime
- Smaller, diverse batches common
- Engineering support accelerates adoption
Aerospace and advanced applications
Fangda serves aerospace and advanced applications where special graphite and carbon-fiber parts must meet stringent specs; typical qualification cycles run 12–36 months with qualification datasets often >10,000 test records. Orders are low-volume, high-value (contracts commonly $0.5–5M), and aerospace accounts for roughly 25–35% of advanced carbon-material demand in 2024; >80% of buyers mandate AS9100/NADCAP-level documentation.
- Qualification cycles: 12–36 months
- Data volume: >10,000 test records
- Order value: $0.5–5M
- 2024 share: 25–35% of market
- Compliance: >80% require AS9100/NADCAP
EAF steelmakers, non-ferrous smelters, battery anode makers and industrial/aerospace users form Fangda’s core segments; 2024 metrics: global primary aluminum ~67 Mt, refined copper ~25 Mt, Li-ion deployment ~900 GWh, aerospace advanced-carbon demand 25–35%. Key buy-drivers: cost/uptime, purity, machining precision, certifications and long-term supply contracts.
| Segment | 2024 metric | Primary drivers |
|---|---|---|
| EAF/mini-mill | Steel demand: large-scale | Cost/uptime, logistics |
| Non-ferrous | Al 67 Mt, Cu 25 Mt | Thermal/corrosion resistance |
| Battery anodes | 900 GWh Li-ion | Purity, microstructure, audits |
| Aerospace/industrial | 25–35% adv-carbon | Certs, precision, long quals |
Cost Structure
Needle coke, petroleum coke and pitch account for the bulk of raw-material spend, roughly 65% of input cost in 2024; needle coke price swings of about ±30% year-on-year materially pressured margins. Additives, machining tools and packaging contribute another c.8–12% of costs. Active strategic sourcing and long-term contracts reduced purchase-price volatility and protected gross margins in 2024.
Graphitization and baking are electricity-intensive processes, often accounting for the majority of plant energy use and driving high kWh/t consumption in production. Peak demand charges can raise monthly bills by roughly 10–30%, forcing scheduling to off-peak windows. Heat recovery systems commonly cut net energy consumption by around 10–20%. Fixed-price energy contracts and PPAs used in 2024 hedge volatile grid prices and stabilize margins.
Skilled operators and engineers are essential to Fangda Carbon’s operations and product quality. Ongoing training and safety programs follow 2024 industry benchmarks of roughly $800–1,500 training spend per employee. Competitive wages (skilled operator pay in China ~80,000–140,000 CNY/year in 2024) help retain talent. Field service and on-site support create variable costs typically around 3–7% of revenue.
Depreciation and maintenance
High-value furnaces and presses in Fangda Carbon require regular upkeep to sustain production of graphite electrodes and specialty carbon products; planned shutdowns are scheduled to prevent catastrophic failures and protect yield. Targeted upgrades delivered in 2024 focused on energy efficiency and process controls, improving throughput and reducing scrap. Depreciation of heavy equipment materially affects reported operating margins and cash-flow timing.
- Maintenance: scheduled shutdowns to avoid unplanned downtime
- Upgrades: 2024 investments aimed at efficiency and yield
- Depreciation: significant non-cash charge impacting margins
Logistics, compliance, and QA
Heavy, fragile carbon products require specialized crating and shock-mitigating transport, raising logistics spend and loss rates; 2024 industry surveys show damage-related logistics claims for advanced materials can reach 0.5–1.5% of shipped value. Environmental and workplace safety compliance in China and EU now add licensing and monitoring fees; recurring insurance and third-party audit cycles further increase overhead. Testing, certification and batch QA (including RoHS/REACH and internal stability tests) add routine lab and certification costs, typically concentrated in R&D and QC budgets.
- Logistics: specialized packing, increased freight premiums, damage claims 0.5–1.5% of shipped value
- Compliance: licensing, emissions monitoring fees (China/EU 2024 regulatory updates)
- QA/testing: recurring lab, certification and batch-release costs
- Insurance/audits: annual premiums and third-party audits
Raw materials (needle/petroleum coke, pitch) ≈65% of input cost in 2024; needle coke volatility ±30% YoY pressured margins. Energy (graphitization/baking) drives high kWh/t and peak charges of ~10–30% monthly; PPAs/heat recovery cut net energy ~10–20%. Labor/training (wages 80–140k CNY, training $800–1,500/emp) and logistics (damage claims 0.5–1.5% shipped value) materially affect OPEX.
| Cost item | 2024 metric |
|---|---|
| Raw materials | 65% input cost |
| Needle coke volatility | ±30% YoY |
| Peak energy charges | 10–30% monthly |
| Training | $800–1,500/emp |
| Logistics damage | 0.5–1.5% shipped value |
Revenue Streams
Graphite electrode sales drive ~80% of Fangda Carbon New Material revenue, split between regular and high-power grades; pricing is often index-linked to needle coke and petroleum coke costs, causing spot-linked volatility. Volume contracts (typically 1–3 years) with large steel mills stabilize cash flow, while performance/spec premiums (roughly 5–15%) boost margins.
Supply of carbon blocks and refractory components targets metallurgical and smelting operations, with repeat orders tied to regular maintenance cycles that drive predictable annual demand. Custom-dimension products command materially higher gross margins, often lifting product margins versus standard SKUs. Bundled delivery and service contracts have been shown to increase customer share and reorder frequency, supporting stable revenue streams.
Isostatic and precision-machined graphite serve high-tech segments (semiconductor, aerospace) with premium ASPs reflecting material purity and machining tolerances. Sales are typically project-based, requiring qualification trials and long lead times before volume orders. Integrated engineering services, including design and prototyping, raise contract margins by improving yield and reducing client validation cycles.
Carbon fiber and composite materials
Fangda Carbon supplies carbon fiber and composites to aerospace, industrial and energy sectors, leveraging niche grades that command premium margins; Grand View Research projects the global carbon fiber market to reach 9.7 billion USD by 2030, underscoring demand for certified materials that unlock aerospace certifications and long-term programs driving steady, multi-year revenue streams.
- Serve: aerospace, industrial, energy
- Premium: niche grades → higher ASPs
- Certification: opens certified aerospace/energy contracts
- Revenue profile: long-term programs → predictable cash flows
Technical services and co-development
Technical services and co-development generate revenue through paid trials, testing, and application engineering, with performance guarantees tied to clear KPIs and penalties/bonuses aligning incentives. Packaged training and compliance audits create recurring service fees, while bespoke R&D and co-development contracts deliver incremental, higher-margin income streams.
- Paid trials & testing
- KPI-linked guarantees
- Training & audits
- Custom R&D contracts
Graphite electrodes comprise ~80% of Fangda Carbon New Material 2024 revenue, split between regular and high-power grades with 1–3 year contracts and spot-linked price volatility. Carbon blocks/refractories provide steady maintenance-driven demand; custom dimensions add higher margins. Isostatic/precision graphite and carbon fiber serve aerospace/semiconductor with premium ASPs and multi-year programs. Technical services, paid trials and KPI-linked contracts add recurring, higher-margin income.
| Metric (2024) | Value |
|---|---|
| Graphite electrode share | ~80% |
| Contract length | 1–3 years |
| Performance premium | 5–15% |
| Carbon fiber 2030 proj. | USD 9.7B |