Dufry Business Model Canvas
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Unlock the full strategic blueprint behind Dufry’s business model in a concise, actionable format. This Business Model Canvas breaks down value propositions, customer segments, key partners and revenue drivers to show how Dufry wins in travel retail. Ideal for investors, consultants and founders—download the full Word/Excel canvas to benchmark and execute proven strategies.
Partnerships
Concession contracts with airport authorities secure prime retail space and passenger footfall, enabling Dufry to operate roughly 2,200 stores across more than 65 countries. Long-term leases and revenue-share models underpin store economics, aligning incentives with landlords. Close collaboration tailors store formats to passenger profiles, while joint marketing and promotions increase traffic and average basket size.
In 2024 Dufry operated over 2,200 stores across c.60 countries, leveraging partnerships with leading perfume, cosmetics, spirits, tobacco and fashion brands to ensure breadth and depth of assortment.
Exclusive travel‑retail SKUs, often developed jointly with top suppliers, differentiate the offer and capture premium spend in core channels.
Joint business planning with brand partners optimizes allocations and promotions while vendor funding in 2024 materially supported activations and visual merchandising on a global scale.
Alliances with airlines, cruise lines and travel operators enable pre-order and onboard delivery and, amid global air traffic surpassing 2019 levels at about 4.8 billion passengers in 2024 (IATA), expand reach through cross-promotion. Passenger data sharing powers precise, targeted offers that raise conversion rates. Synchronizing schedules with carriers improves fulfillment and service levels, while co-branded campaigns convert travelers before arrival.
Logistics, distributors, and customs brokers
Specialist logistics partners handle bonded goods, customs clearance and cross-border flows, enabling Dufry to operate over 2,200 shops in 60+ countries (2024). Efficient warehousing and last-mile delivery cut stockouts and shrink while temperature and security standards protect high-value items. Scalable networks ramp capacity for seasonal peaks and peak-travel periods.
- Bonded goods & customs compliance
- Efficient warehousing → fewer stockouts
- Temperature & security controls for luxury items
- Scalable networks for seasonal peaks
Technology, payments, and loyalty partners
POS, CRM and analytics providers enable Dufry’s omnichannel retailing across over 2,000 stores in about 60 countries, improving basket size and personalization through real-time inventory and customer insights.
Payment partners support multi-currency and contactless transactions, meeting growing traveler demand while cybersecurity and fraud prevention protect high-volume cross-border payments.
- POS/CRM/analytics: real-time omnichannel
- Payments: multi-currency + contactless
- Identity & loyalty: streamlined recognition
- Security: fraud prevention & PCI compliance
Concession contracts secure prime space enabling c.2,200 stores in ~60 countries (2024). Partnerships with leading brands and vendor funding drive exclusive SKUs and in‑store activations. Logistics, POS/CRM and payment partners ensure bonded flows, real‑time inventory and multi‑currency payments, supporting omnichannel travel retail growth amid ~4.8bn air passengers (IATA, 2024).
| Metric | 2024 | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Stores | c.2,200 | Global network |
| Countries | ~60 | Concession footprint |
| Air passengers | 4.8bn | IATA |
What is included in the product
A comprehensive, pre-written Business Model Canvas for Dufry covering all nine BMC blocks with detailed customer segments, channels, value propositions and revenue streams; reflects real-world operations and strategy, includes competitive advantages and SWOT-linked insights, and is ideal for presentations, investor discussions and validation of business decisions.
Condenses Dufry’s duty‑free retail strategy into a digestible, editable one‑page canvas that quickly highlights revenue drivers, cost levers, channel reach and partnership gaps. Perfect for teams to brainstorm solutions, compare scenarios and accelerate decision‑making without hours of formatting.
Activities
Daily store management maximizes conversion and basket across Dufry's network of over 2,200 shops. Planograms and visual merchandising drive category flow and shelf productivity. Staff training elevates service and cross-sell, supported by KPI monitoring and weekly sales dashboards; this execution leverages 2024 passenger traffic recovery toward 2019 levels per IATA.
Procurement and category management at Dufry curates assortments combining global brands with local favorites across more than 2,200 shops in 60+ countries. Forecasting and automated replenishment systems aim to optimize inventory turns and reduce stock-outs in high-traffic travel hubs. Strategic negotiations secure margins, brand exclusives and promotional support. Price architecture is calibrated to reflect duty-free and duty-paid dynamics per route and channel.
Seasonal campaigns target travel peaks like summer and year-end, leveraging Dufry’s presence in over 65 countries and more than 2,300 shops to capture surge traffic. Sampling and pop-ups create experiential shopping at terminals and duty-free areas, driving conversion in high-footfall periods. Data-led offers via World of Dufry (over 16 million members by 2024) personalize incentives and lift basket size. Co-op marketing with brands amplifies reach and improves ROI through shared promotions.
Omnichannel and Reserve & Collect
Omnichannel digital storefronts provide real-time availability and pricing across Dufry’s ~2,300 stores in 65+ countries (2024), enabling seamless pre-ordering to reduce friction and waiting time. Click-and-collect ties reservations to flight itineraries for timely pickup, while targeted post-purchase engagement via email/SMS/loyalty boosts repeat visits and basket size.
- Real-time inventory and pricing
- Pre-order reduces waiting
- Click-and-collect synced to flights
- Post-purchase loyalty engagement
Compliance, security, and customs management
Operations adhere to duty-free regulations and allowance limits, with Dufry in 2024 operating across 65 countries and roughly 2,300 shops to ensure compliant retail flows. Robust age checks and restricted-product controls are enforced at POS and online, while bonded inventory management and regular audits maintain customs integrity. Targeted loss-prevention programs protect high-value categories such as spirits and luxury goods.
- compliance: duty-free rules, allowance limits
- age-control: POS and e-commerce checks
- inventory: bonded stock, periodic audits
- loss-prevention: focus on spirits, perfumes, watches
Daily ops across ~2,300 shops in 65 countries boost conversion via planograms, staff training and KPI dashboards. Procurement secures margins, exclusives and higher inventory turns; World of Dufry hit 16M members in 2024. Omnichannel pre-order/click‑&‑collect leverages IATA 2024 passenger volumes ≈95% of 2019.
| Metric | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Shops | ~2,300 |
| Countries | 65 |
| Loyalty | 16M |
| Traffic vs 2019 (IATA) | ≈95% |
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Resources
Dufry operates approximately 2,300 stores in about 63 countries as of 2024, spanning airports, cruise ports, rail hubs and downtown locations to capture global traveler flows. Prime, high-traffic sites boost visibility and convenience, while modular formats let Dufry fit diverse footprint constraints. The broad geographic spread reduces reliance on any single market, smoothing revenue volatility across regions.
Deep supplier relationships enable travel-retail exclusives and priority allocations for Dufry, supporting curated assortments across its around 2,300 shops in 63 countries. Joint demand and supply planning with vendors reduces stock-outs and secures allocations during peak travel periods. Exclusives and bundled offers increase channel differentiation and drive higher basket values. Vendor marketing and trade support bolster gross margins through co-funding of promotions.
Concession rights underpin Dufry’s market access across over 2,400 shops in about 65 countries, securing prime airport and travel-hub presence. Long-tenor concession agreements—commonly multi-year arrangements—stabilize the company’s revenue outlook and cash flow. Performance clauses tie rent and fees to sales, aligning incentives with landlords, while embedded renewal options protect network continuity and route-to-market value.
Workforce and service know-how
Multilingual staff across Dufry’s footprint (present in 65 countries with ~2,300 shops in 2024) deliver high-touch assistance, driving higher basket engagement; category-focused training raises upsell effectiveness by equipping teams with product and occasion knowledge. Cultural fluency improves engagement with diverse travelers, while operational playbooks standardize service quality and reduce variability across locations.
- Multilingual coverage: 65 countries, ~2,300 shops (2024)
- Category training: boosts upsell readiness
- Cultural fluency: increases traveler engagement
- Operational playbooks: standardize quality
IT platforms and data assets
POS, OMS and CRM systems enable Dufry’s real-time retailing across its c.2,300 shops in ~60 countries, supporting dynamic pricing, promotion execution and omnichannel order fulfilment; analytics drive assortment and margin uplift, while loyalty data (carded customers) personalizes outreach and increases basket size; secure API integrations connect suppliers, airports and ecommerce channels to reduce outages and fraud risk.
Dufry’s key resources: c.2,300 stores in 63 countries (2024) securing high-traffic travel reach. Strong supplier partnerships and exclusives optimise assortment and margins. Long-tenor concession agreements stabilise cash flow while POS/OMS/CRM and loyalty data enable real-time retailing and personalized upsell.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Stores | c.2,300 (2024) |
| Countries | 63 |
| Concessions | Multi-year |
| Digital | POS/OMS/CRM |
Value Propositions
Travelers access tax-advantaged prices on core categories like perfumes, liquor and tobacco, tapping into a travel retail market supported by 4.7 billion air passengers in 2024 (IATA). Clear price communication builds trust and reduces purchase friction through visible duty-free savings. Bundles and multi-buy deals increase per-ticket spend and perceived value for cost-conscious buyers. Consistency across locations enhances confidence and loyalty for repeat travelers.
Curated travel-exclusive assortments—including limited editions and travel sets—offer uniqueness and higher perceived value, supporting Dufry’s shelf differentiation across its network of over 2,200 shops in 60+ countries. Broad brand coverage (3,000+ brands) meets diverse tastes while local favorites sit alongside global icons to boost cross-border appeal. Gifting-oriented packs simplify last-minute purchases and drive basket uplift at peak travel periods.
Reserve & Collect streamlines the journey by letting travelers pre-order for pickup, leveraging Dufry’s global network in over 60 countries and roughly 2,300 stores to shorten airport time. Fast checkout and contactless payments cut dwell time, aligning with industry trends toward cashless travel retail. Wayfinding and store proximity serve tight connections at major hubs, while extended hours mirror flight schedules to capture off-peak spend.
Personalized, multilingual service
Staff guide choices across complex categories, with multilingual service in Dufry's network spanning over 60 countries and ~30,000 employees (2024), improving experience and conversion; tailored recommendations reflect traveler profiles and loyalty tiers unlock targeted benefits.
- Staff-led guidance
- Language support → higher conversion
- Profile-driven recommendations
- Loyalty tiers = targeted perks
Consistent global experience
Consistent global experience through standardized layouts and service levels reduces friction, letting travelers shop quickly; Dufry in 2024 operated in 65+ countries with over 2,200 stores, reinforcing familiar brand exposure across markets. Reliable product availability boosts repeat purchases and seamless return/payment policies increase customer confidence when abroad.
- Standardized layouts
- Familiar brands across 65+ countries
- 2,200+ stores (2024)
- Reliable availability drives repeat buys
- Seamless policies build trust
Dufry offers tax-advantaged travel pricing and curated travel-exclusive assortments, driving higher per-ticket spend and loyalty through consistent global experience. Reserve & Collect and fast checkout reduce dwell time. Expert multilingual staff and loyalty tiers boost conversion across 2,200+ stores in 65+ countries (2024).
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Global air passengers (IATA) | 4.7bn (2024) |
| Stores | 2,200+ |
| Countries | 65+ |
| Brands | 3,000+ |
| Employees | ~30,000 (2024) |
Customer Relationships
Beauty advisors and category experts in Dufry stores elevate discovery through tailored consultations and product knowledge; live demos and tastings increase dwell time and conversion. Guided upselling and curated bundles lift average basket value, supporting footfall-driven revenue as global air passengers reached 4.7 billion in 2023 (IATA). Fast service recovery protocols resolve issues quickly, preserving loyalty and repeat purchase rates.
Tiered rewards drive repeat spend by rewarding frequency and higher-ticket purchases, supporting Dufry’s omnichannel strategy across over 2,300 shops in 60+ countries (2024). Points, vouchers and partner perks (airlines, hotels) increase basket value and cross-sell potential. Personalized offers based on travel frequency and preferences lift conversion and AOV. Streamlined, digital enrollment captures high transient traveler traffic at point of sale and online.
Digital CRM (email, app and SMS) reaches travelers pre-, during and post‑trip to drive engagement and sales; Dufry deploys these channels across ~2,300 stores in 60+ countries. Dynamic offers align to itineraries and duty‑free allowances while feedback loops improve service and assortment. Analytics refine segmentation over time, enabling more targeted campaigns and yield optimization.
Self-service and frictionless options
Reserve online, collect in-store reduces effort and abandoned baskets; Dufry saw growing digital order uptake in 2024 as travel-retail digitalization accelerated. Self-checkout and mobile pay speed transactions, with contactless payments representing over 50% of travel-retail transactions in 2024. Real-time inventory visibility sets accurate expectations; clear limits and return policies build trust and reduce disputes.
- reserve-collect
- self-checkout-mobile-pay
- inventory-visibility
- clear-limits-returns
Co-marketing with travel partners
Co-marketing with airlines and hotels enables integrated campaigns targeting already booked passengers through booking confirmations and pre-trip emails, driving higher conversion by reaching shoppers pre-travel. Lounge and gate promotions capture dwell time with timed offers and sampling near peak waiting periods. Miles-and-points tie-ins reward purchases and increase average basket value through partner redemptions. Shared data from partners sharpens segmentation and retargeting for personalized offers.
- Targeted outreach via bookings
- Lounge/gate timed promotions
- Loyalty tie-ins boost basket value
- Shared data improves precision
Beauty advisors, demos and curated bundles drive conversion and AOV, leveraging ~2,300 Dufry shops in 60+ countries (2024) and 4.7bn air passengers globally (IATA 2023). Tiered loyalty, airline/hotel co-marketing and CRM engage pre/during/post trip; reserve‑collect and self-checkout cut abandonment as contactless payments exceed 50% (2024).
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Stores / Countries | ~2,300 / 60+ |
| Air passengers (2023) | 4.7bn |
| Contactless share (2024) | >50% |
Channels
Airport retail stores use flagship and walk-through formats to maximize product exposure and impulse conversions; Dufry operates over 2,200 shops in 65 countries (2024). Locations before and after security capture differing traveler missions — convenience vs. leisure spend — while high-dwell gates support experiential zones and brand activations. Extended opening hours are synchronized with airport flight banks to optimize revenue per flight wave.
Assortments adapt to cruise and rail traveler profiles, with Dufry tailoring SKUs to leisure vs business passengers and duty-free demand—CLIA reported about 27 million cruise passengers in 2024, boosting onboard demand patterns.
Onboard and terminal retail expand reach beyond airports, capturing impulse purchases and contributing to route-level margins; seasonal routing alters inventory plans up to 30-40% by SKU mix.
Events onboard, from tastings to brand pop-ups, drive engagement and can lift category sales double-digits during peak sailings.
Pre-trip browsing on Dufry’s Reserve & Collect displays live availability and pricing across Dufry’s c.2,300 shops in over 60 countries (2024), enabling selection before travel. Orders capture flight details for seamless airport pickup and hold times. Digital wallets and the Dufry customer loyalty program integrate at checkout, while rich content supports product discovery and regulatory compliance info.
Partner and affiliate channels
Airline apps, OTAs and travel portals enable pre-ordering of duty-free and travel retail, with Dufry reporting eCommerce growth of ~23% in 2024 as channel-led sales rose; co-branded pages increase trust and can boost conversion by ~20%, targeted placements reach confirmed travelers near departure, and attribution tools track campaign ROI to optimize bids and inventory allocation.
- channels: airline apps, OTAs, travel portals
- impact: eCommerce +23% (Dufry 2024)
- conversion lift: co-branded pages ~20%
- targeting: confirmed travelers, pre-departure placements
- measurement: attribution tracks campaign ROI
Downtown tourist stores
Downtown tourist stores extend Dufry interactions beyond terminals, leveraging 2024 coverage in over 60 countries and c.1,700 shops to capture pre- and post-travel spend. Assortments prioritize gifting and local specialties; marketing targets hotels and tours to drive footfall, while cross-channel returns and services boost convenience and repeat purchases.
- City reach: over 60 countries, c.1,700 stores (2024)
- Assortment: gifting/local specialties
- Marketing: hotel/tour partnerships
- Service: cross-channel returns & aftersales
Dufry’s omnichannel network—c.2,300 airport, onboard, cruise, rail and c.1,700 downtown shops across ~65 countries (2024)—drives traveler reach by mission (convenience vs leisure) and flight/sea schedules. Digital pre-order (eCommerce +23% 2024) and co-branded pages (~+20% conv.) link to reserve & collect and loyalty for pickup, boosting route-level margins and seasonal SKU shifts.
| Channel | 2024 metric | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Airports | c.2,300 shops, 65 countries | High exposure, impulse |
| Downtown | c.1,700 shops, 60+ countries | Pre/post travel spend |
| eCommerce | +23% growth | Pre-order & pickup |
Customer Segments
Price-sensitive international leisure travelers seek deals and gifts, showing high demand for beauty, confectionery and spirits; Dufry serves this mix across about 65 countries and 2,300+ shops (2024), requiring multilingual staff to handle diverse nationalities, with pronounced seasonal peaks around Q4 holiday travel that materially lift volumes.
Time-constrained business travelers prioritize speed and convenience, favoring fast checkout and curated grab-and-go assortments. They show strong preference for premium grooming and corporate gifts, driving higher basket values. Loyalty status (Dufry Rewards/partner programs) shapes targeted offers and upgrades. Frequent trips sustain repeat purchases across Dufry’s network of ~2,200 shops in ~60 countries (2024).
Cruise passengers and tourists benefit from extended dwell aboard ships and in port, enabling experiential shopping with duty-free and themed pop-ups; CLIA reported about 30 million global cruise passengers in 2019 with industry recovery to similar levels by 2024. Demand concentrates on souvenirs, fashion and spirits, categories that historically drive the highest onboard spend. Group travel boosts bundled deals and promotions, while onboard delivery and pre-order pick-up increase convenience and conversion rates.
High-spend luxury shoppers
High-spend luxury shoppers prioritize prestige beauty, watches and accessories, expecting concierge-level service and exclusive releases; the global personal luxury goods market reached about EUR 353bn in 2023 (Bain), amplifying opportunity at travel retail. Dufry, present in over 65 countries with ~2,200 stores, leverages duty-free tax benefits and personalized offers to boost conversion and basket size.
- Target: high ARPU travelers
- Products: prestige beauty, watches, accessories
- Service: concierge, exclusives
- Factor: tax savings increase perceived value
- Driver: personalized offers improve conversion
Domestic and duty-paid travelers
Domestic and duty-paid travelers use Dufry outlets on non-tax-exempt routes and terminals, where everyday essentials and snacks drive high-frequency purchases; competitive pricing and convenience are key, and local compliance dictates assortment and labeling. IATA data showed domestic traffic recovered to about 90% of 2019 levels in 2024, and Dufry operates in roughly 65 countries supporting this channel.
Dufry serves price-sensitive leisure, time-poor business, cruise/tourist, luxury and domestic travelers via ~2,300 shops in ~65 countries (2024); seasonal Q4 peaks, loyalty drives repeat spend, and domestic traffic reached ~90% of 2019 levels in 2024. Luxury benefits from EUR 353bn personal luxury market (2023) while cruise recovered to ~30M passengers by 2024.
| Segment | Key SKUs | Shops (2024) | 2024 metric |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leisure | Beauty, confectionery, spirits | ~2,300 | Q4 peaks |
| Business | Grooming, grab-and-go | ~2,300 | High ARPU, fast checkout |
| Cruise | Souvenirs, spirits, fashion | onboard/ports | ~30M passengers |
| Luxury | Prestige beauty, watches | Selected flagships | EUR 353bn market |
| Domestic | Essentials, snacks | ~2,300 | Traffic ~90% of 2019 |
Cost Structure
Concession fees and rent for Dufry combine revenue-share and minimum guarantees, creating both variable and fixed cost pressure; industry concession shares in 2024 typically range 20–40% of sales. Prime airport and downtown locations command significant premiums, raising lease and fit-out costs. Contract length, indexation and termination clauses materially affect margins. Renewal, bidding and compliance fees add recurring overhead and capital tied-up.
Purchased inventory dominates Dufry's cash outflows, with the FY 2024 financial statements confirming inventory-driven working capital as the primary use of operating cash.
Product mix and vendor payment terms continue to shape gross margin, where higher-margin luxury categories and favorable supplier terms improve profitability.
Shrinkage and expiries require strict inventory controls and markdown management to protect margins.
Currency movements in 2024 materially affected landed costs, increasing procurement volatility across regions.
Store staff, supervisors and category specialists form Dufry’s core frontline workforce, numbering about 24,000 employees in 2024; personnel are the largest single operational cost. Continuous training programs sustain duty-free service quality and upsell conversion rates, while incentive schemes tie bonuses to store and category sales targets. Multilingual hiring to serve international travelers increases wage and recruitment costs, contributing roughly 25–30% of variable operating expenses.
Logistics and compliance
Logistics and compliance drive significant cost for Dufry: bonded warehousing, transport and customs brokerage add handling and duty-timing expenses, while security and age-verification systems are mandated across airports and ports; industry recovery in 2024 reached roughly 85% of 2019 travel-retail volumes, increasing throughput and related costs.
- Bonded warehousing: added storage and duty timing costs
- Transport/customs brokerage: supply-chain fees and delays
- Security/age-verification: compulsory CAPEX and OPEX
- Insurance/loss prevention: mitigates shrinkage
- Seasonal scaling: demand swings raise cost variability
IT, marketing, and overhead
Corporate functions and local administration create fixed overheads while cybersecurity and data-privacy compliance are recurring operational costs that must be maintained.
Concession fees (industry 20–40% of sales) plus high airport rents and fit-outs create mixed fixed/variable cost pressure. Inventory is primary cash outflow and working-capital driver; 2024 travel-retail volumes recovered to ~85% of 2019. Staffing (≈24,000 employees) and multilingual hiring drive personnel costs (~25–30% of variable opex).
| Metric | 2024 value |
|---|---|
| Employees | ≈24,000 |
| Concession share | 20–40% of sales |
| Travel-retail recovery | ≈85% of 2019 |
| Personnel share of variable opex | ≈25–30% |
Revenue Streams
Perfumes and cosmetics serve as Dufry’s high-margin cornerstone, typically around 35-40% of travel-retail sales in 2024, driven by strong global brand demand. Travel sets and retailer exclusives lift average ticket by roughly 20-30%, while seasonal gifting (holiday Q4) can spike volume by about 25%. In-store sampling and beauty advisors boost conversion rates by up to 30%, maximizing per-customer spend.
Wine, spirits and tobacco drive a large share of duty-free revenue—industry estimates in 2024 put alcohol and tobacco at about 35–40% of airport duty-free sales—benefiting from duty-free price gaps. Allowance limits per traveler shape baskets toward premium single bottles and small multipacks. Premiumization lifted unit margins in 2024 as premium spirits grew share. Bundles and multi-buys increase volume and average basket value.
Food, confectionery and snacks are impulse-friendly categories with broad appeal that benefit from air travel volumes—IATA estimated ~4.7 billion passengers in 2024—driving high footfall for Dufry, which operates roughly 2,300 shops in ~60 countries. Local specialties add uniqueness and premium pricing, while high turnover supports steady cash flow and inventory velocity; cross-merchandising (checkout displays, combo deals) boosts add-on sales and average basket value.
Fashion, accessories, and luxury
Branded sunglasses, watches and travel goods expand basket size for Dufry, with higher average selling prices offsetting lower unit velocity and lifting gross margin contribution per transaction. Limited-edition drops target collectors and drive footfall and trade-up purchases, while visual merchandising and store theatre are critical to convert premium intent. Focused assortments in core hubs sustain yield management and ancillary spend.
- Branded items boost ASP and margin
- Limited editions create scarcity-led demand
- Visual merchandising increases conversion
- Higher ASPs offset lower velocity
Supplier funding and commercial income
Supplier funding through co-op marketing, display fees and in-store activations generates ancillary revenue for Dufry, with data insights and paid promotional slots further monetized across its network of around 2,300 shops in ~65 countries (2024). Exclusive product launches often include supplier support payments, while sold advertising space improves gross margins and yield per sqm.
- Co-op marketing and display fees
- Activations and exclusive launch support payments
- Monetized data insights and promotional slots
- Advertising space boosts margins
Perfumes/cosmetics ~35–40% of sales in 2024, highest margin and ticket uplift 20–30%. Alcohol/tobacco ~35–40%, premiumization lifts margins. Food/confectionery ~10–15%, high turnover and impulse buys. Branded travel goods and supplier funding (co-op, ads) together ~10–15%, raise ASPs and ancillaries.
| Stream | 2024 share | note |
|---|---|---|
| Perfumes | 35–40% | High margin |
| Alcohol/Tobacco | 35–40% | Duty-free premium |
| Food | 10–15% | Impulse |
| Travel goods+Supplier | 10–15% | Ancillary |