{"product_id":"tascsemi-five-forces-analysis","title":"Taiwan-Asia Semiconductor Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDon't Miss the Bigger Picture\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTaiwan-Asia Semiconductor faces intense rivalry, concentrated supplier leverage, high capital barriers that deter new entrants, and evolving substitute risks from alternative chip architectures; buyers exert selective pressure on pricing and specs. This snapshot hints at strategic pressures—unlock the full Porter's Five Forces Analysis to get force-by-force ratings, visuals, and actionable recommendations to inform investment or strategy decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConcentrated critical materials\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrime inputs such as 8-inch wafers, specialty gases, photoresists and CMP slurries are concentrated among a few global suppliers, giving them marked pricing leverage and raising switching costs for Taiwan-Asia Semiconductor. Supply disruptions in 2024 showed how quickly shortages translate into lower yields and longer cycle times across fabs. Long-term contracts reduce volatility but typically leave residual spot exposure and logistical risk. This concentrated supply base remains a strategic vulnerability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTooling oligopoly\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLeading lithography, etch and deposition tools are concentrated among a few OEMs—ASML (near-100% of EUV), Applied Materials, Lam Research, TEL and KLA—giving suppliers strong negotiating leverage. 2024 data show the top five suppliers account for roughly three-quarters of wafer fab equipment revenues, tightening pricing and delivery terms. Long lead times and a thin refurbishment market for mature-node tools, plus proprietary HV\/BCD recipes and bundled service\/spares, deepen vendor lock-in and raise switching costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProcess IP and consumables lock-in\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProcess-specific chemicals and IP blocks are embedded in qualified flows, so swapping suppliers risks yield loss and customer requalification delays measured in months. This stickiness magnifies supplier bargaining power during shortages, especially when dominant foundries (TSMC ~56% global foundry share in 2024) set standards. Framework agreements and dual-qualifications are used to rebalance commercial terms and reduce single-supplier risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCapacity cycles favor suppliers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUpcycles strain materials and tool supply, enabling price escalations and allocation-based leverage; TSMC's 2024 capex guidance of $32–36 billion exemplifies demand concentration that tightens supplier terms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecialty nodes face persistent tightness driven by 8-inch (200mm) tool scarcity, and in downcycles supplier leverage largely normalizes but critical inputs remain unevenly available, favoring larger buyers and pressuring niche foundries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpcycle: allocation-based pricing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8-inch: sustained tightness for specialty nodes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDowncycle: selective normalization, larger buyers prioritized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeopolitical and compliance constraints\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cpgeopolitical export controls restrictions since on advanced-node equipment and tightening esg requirements shrink the qualified supplier pool raising compliance-driven switching barriers tsmc held about of global foundry share in asia accounts for roughly semiconductor manufacturing concentrating logistics fx exposure. suppliers routinely pass through regulatory compliance costs into contracts amplifying margin pressure.\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExport controls reduce available advanced-equipment suppliers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eREACH\/RoHS and automotive safety increase qualification hurdles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAsia ~75% production concentration raises logistics\/FX risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuppliers can shift regulatory cost increases onto buyers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/pgeopolitical\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupplier concentration: top‑5 ≈ \u003cstrong\u003e75%\u003c\/strong\u003e WFE; foundry share \u003cstrong\u003e54–56%\u003c\/strong\u003e fuels vendor lock‑in\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplier concentration in wafers, specialty chemicals and WFE (top 5 ≈75% of WFE revenue) creates pricing and allocation leverage; TSMC ~54–56% foundry share (2024) amplifies vendor lock‑in. Export controls and tighter regs shrink qualified suppliers and raise switching costs. Long lead times and residual spot exposure keep supplier power elevated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024 Value\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTop‑5 WFE share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~75%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTSMC foundry share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e54–56%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTSMC capex guidance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$32–36bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAsia manufacturing share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~75%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUncovers key drivers of competition, customer influence, and market entry risks tailored to Taiwan-Asia Semiconductor, assessing supplier power, buyer leverage, rivalry intensity, substitution threats, and barriers to entry. Detailed strategic commentary highlights disruptive forces, pricing pressure, and defensive advantages to inform investor materials and internal strategy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-sheet Porter's Five Forces for the Taiwan–Asia semiconductor cluster—clarifies supplier\/buyer power, rivalry and entrant\/substitute threats for rapid strategic decisions. Customizable pressure levels and radar-ready layout make it easy to drop into pitch decks or scenario tabs for boardroom use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConcentrated fabless customers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDisplay driver and PMIC buyers are highly concentrated among major OEMs, who drove roughly 65% of display and power-IC volumes in 2024, enabling aggressive price and priority-capacity demands; dual-sourcing with rival foundries and fabless suppliers is common, strengthening buyer leverage, while suppliers accept multi-quarter volume commitments in exchange for single-digit price concessions and secured wafer allocations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh qualification but portable designs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnce a process is qualified switching is costly and time‑consuming, typically requiring 6–18 months for requalification and significant engineering effort. HV\/BCD and analog platforms are offered by peers, enabling eventual migration and giving buyers leverage during contract renewals. Buyers press for price and roadmap concessions citing alternative supply. NRE support and PDK stickiness moderate switching in the near term.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eValue sensitivity at mature nodes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnd markets remain fiercely cost-competitive, driving continuous die shrinks and aggressive yield targets; major buyers push foundries for lower cost-per-die. Buyers demand formal cost-down roadmaps and predictable cycle times; SLAs commonly require on-time delivery \u0026gt;95% and tight defect-density limits. Penalties and liquidated-damage clauses shift meaningful yield and schedule risk back to the foundry; TSMC held about 54% of the global foundry market in 2024, concentrating buyer leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAutomotive and industrial quality demands\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cpautomotive and industrial quality demands safety ppap aec-q qualifications taiwan-asia semiconductor vendors into higher-scrutiny validation traceability process controls raising per-part compliance costs lead times. failing tier-1 audits risks disqualification immediate price pressure conversely firms with iso credentials often command premiums industry data showing over of new automotive ic required certification.\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cli\u003eFunctional safety: ISO 26262-driven audits intensify supplier vetting\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ePPAP: Level 3 submissions common, increasing documentation burden\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eAEC-Q: \u0026gt;50% of 2024 new automotive IC qualifications required it\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eRisk: failed audits → disqualification and price concessions\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eUpside: strong credentials justify premium pricing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/pautomotive\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDesign enablement as leverage point\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComprehensive PDKs, validated IP, and reference flows in 2024 materially lower buyer engineering effort, making design enablement a primary leverage point in Taiwan-Asia Semiconductor’s bargaining dynamics; customers now treat DFM support, shuttle runs, and fast MPW cycles as table stakes. Superior enablement softens price pressure by raising switching costs and shortening time-to-market, while weak enablement amplifies buyer power and propensity to switch vendors. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePDK\/IP reduce engineering hours\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDFM\/shuttle\/MPW = table stakes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrong enablement = lower price demands\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeak enablement = higher buyer switching power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e65%\u003c\/strong\u003e buyers, \u003cstrong\u003e54%\u003c\/strong\u003e foundry share, \u003cstrong\u003e6-18m\u003c\/strong\u003e requalification\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajor OEMs bought ~65% of display\/PMIC volumes in 2024, enabling price and priority-capacity demands and dual-sourcing leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSwitching after process qualification takes 6–18 months and TSMC held ~54% of foundry share in 2024, concentrating buyer leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutomotive certifications (AEC-Q) were required for \u0026gt;50% of new 2024 IC qualifications; SLAs commonly demand \u0026gt;95% on-time delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBuyer concentration (display\/PMIC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~65%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTSMC foundry share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~54%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRequalification time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6–18 months\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAEC-Q new ICs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypical SLA on-time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eSame Document Delivered\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTaiwan-Asia Semiconductor Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Taiwan–Asia Semiconductor Porter's Five Forces analysis you'll receive—no placeholders or mockups. The document provides clear assessments of supplier power, buyer power, rivalry, threats of entry and substitutes, and strategic implications ready for immediate download. It's professionally formatted and actionable for strategy or investment use. Purchase grants instant access to this same file.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"PortersFiveForce","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56162975154553,"sku":"tascsemi-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0914\/5276\/8633\/files\/tascsemi-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1762712417","url":"https:\/\/portersfiveforce.com\/products\/tascsemi-five-forces-analysis","provider":"Porter's Five Forces","version":"1.0","type":"link"}