{"product_id":"skywardinsurance-pestle-analysis","title":"Skyward Specialty Insurance PESTLE Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eYour Shortcut to Market Insight Starts Here\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur PESTLE analysis for Skyward Specialty Insurance reveals how political oversight, economic cycles, social demographics, technological innovation, legal shifts, and environmental risks converge to shape underwriting and growth opportunities. Use these insights to sharpen strategy and risk models. Purchase the full, editable report for the complete, actionable external landscape—available for immediate download.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eP\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eolitical factors\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eState-by-state insurance regulation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. insurance regulation is state-based, overseen by 56 state and territorial regulators, producing heterogeneity in rate, form, and capital requirements for Skyward Specialty. NAIC model laws provide coordination but adoption varies by jurisdiction, affecting speed-to-market. Specialty lines often require bespoke filings that lengthen approval cycles, while strong regulator relationships enable innovative program structures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFederal policy and public–private programs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFederal debates over NFIP and TRIA reforms and 2024 proposals for federal cyber and pandemic backstops are reshaping reinsurance capacity and pricing; the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law allocates $1.2 trillion, boosting surety demand and contractor risk exposure. Political incentives for resilience influence CAT-prone underwriting, while greater policy stability reduces earnings volatility in long-tail lines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeopolitics and sanctions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSanctions regimes and export controls increasingly reshape underwriting for trade-related surety and specialty marine\/energy lines, forcing stricter exclusions and enhanced due diligence for counterparties. Political tensions have driven supply-chain disruptions that raised loss frequency for insureds, notably during 2022–24 chokepoint incidents. Compliance burdens for brokers and program administrators handling cross-border risks have grown, and reinsurer appetite tightened with treaty renewals seeing average price increases of roughly 10–25% in 2023–24. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eElection cycles and regulatory tone\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdministration changes, highlighted by the Nov 5, 2024 US election, can redirect focus to consumer protection, rate adequacy and climate guidance; global insured catastrophe losses were about $92bn in 2023 (Swiss Re), reinforcing regulator attention to climate risk. Aggressive market-conduct postures raise exams and penalties; pro-market stances enable innovation sandboxes and faster approvals, affecting pricing and capacity planning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegulatory swing: election-driven policy shifts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnforcement: higher exam\/penalty risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnovation: sandboxes\/speeded approvals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAction: scenario planning for pricing \u0026amp; capacity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLobbying and industry advocacy\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTrade associations shape outcomes on tort reform, reinsurance collateral and data standards; US insurance industry lobbying totaled about $130 million in 2023 (OpenSecrets), and coordinated advocacy helps Skyward secure favorable frameworks for specialty programs and MGAs. Active engagement on risk-based capital treatment—key in 2024 NAIC debates—can shift product mix toward higher-margin specialty lines. Aligning with agent\/broker groups preserves independent distribution economics and renewals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrade associations influence tort reform, collateral, data\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLobbying spend ~ $130M (2023)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRBC advocacy affects product mix\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgent\/broker alignment protects distribution economics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e56-state regulatory patchwork raises filing risk; reinsurers up \u003cstrong\u003e10–25%\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eState-based regulation (56 regulators) creates filing heterogeneity and speed-to-market risk; NAIC model adoption varies. Political shifts (Nov 5, 2024) and heightened market-conduct exams raise enforcement risk while pro-market stances enable sandboxes. Reinsurance repricing (~10–25% in 2023–24) and insured CAT losses $92bn (2023) drive capacity and pricing pressure; industry lobbying ~$130M (2023) influences outcomes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFactor\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eImpact\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRegulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e56 regulators\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFiling heterogeneity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinsurance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10–25% price rise\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCapacity tightening\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCat losses\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$92bn (2023)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUnderwriting scrutiny\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplores how Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal forces uniquely impact Skyward Specialty Insurance, with data-backed trends, region- and industry-specific examples, forward-looking insights and actionable implications to help executives, consultants and investors identify risks, opportunities and strategic responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSkyward Specialty Insurance PESTLE Analysis distills external risks and opportunities into a visually segmented, editable summary that fits slides or strategy packs, uses plain language for cross-team alignment, and supports quick risk and market-positioning discussions during planning sessions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003economic factors\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInterest rate environment\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigher yields (10-year Treasury ~4.2% and Fed funds target 5.25–5.50% as of mid-2025) boost Skyward Specialty’s investment income and allow deeper reserve discounting, helping stabilize combined ratios. Rapid rate shifts create AOCI volatility and asset–liability duration mismatches. Specialty underwriters can lean on elevated investment returns to smooth pricing cycles, while any low-rate reversal would compress margins and strain capital buffers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInflation and social inflation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeneral inflation (US CPI ~3.4% in 2024) and wage growth (~4.3% avg private-sector wage rise 2024) lift claim severities, notably in liability lines. Nuclear verdicts and expanding litigation finance (global market ~$15bn in 2023) amplify loss costs far beyond CPI. Tight underwriting, higher attachment points and frequent repricing in short-tail niches are critical to preserve profitability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEconomic cycles and niche sector exposure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConstruction and energy cycles strongly drive surety and specialty casualty premium volume; US construction put in place totaled about $1.82 trillion in 2023 (US Census Bureau), so slowdowns compress premium bases and raise default risk on bonded projects. Downturns cut exposures while increasing claims severity and counterparty defaults. Diversification across underserved segments mitigates cyclicality, and proactive risk engineering improves insured resilience and retention.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReinsurance pricing and availability\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardening retro and treaty markets have materially raised capacity costs, pressuring gross-to-net strategies and driving higher ceded premiums. Attachment points and exclusions are shifting catastrophe and casualty clash retention toward insurers, altering net PMLs. Strong underwriting results and data transparency helped some buyers secure rate relief; Aon noted property-cat treaty increases up to 30% at 2024 renewals. Optimizing facultative buys preserves flexibility in niche programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigher capacity cost: impacts profitability and pricing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttachment\/exclusion shifts: greater net catastrophe exposure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderwriting\/data transparency: lever for improved terms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFacultative optimization: targeted flexibility for specialty lines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLabor market and talent costs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnderwriting expertise is scarce at Skyward Specialty, with 2024 industry surveys showing about 60% of specialty insurers reporting skill shortages, driving compensation and retention costs higher and pressuring margins. Claims and actuarial capacity constraints have slowed new-account growth and limited premium expansion. Investment in training and underwriting tools has raised productivity per underwriter, while hybrid work models broaden access to specialized talent pools globally.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderwriter shortage ~60% (2024 survey)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigher compensation and retention pressure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClaims\/actuarial capacity constrains growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTraining\/tools increase per‑underwriter productivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHybrid work expands talent pool\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e56-state regulatory patchwork raises filing risk; reinsurers up \u003cstrong\u003e10–25%\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigher yields (10y ~4.2%, Fed funds 5.25–5.50% mid‑2025) bolster investment income and allow reserve discounting but add AOCI and duration risk. CPI ~3.4% and wages ~4.3% in 2024 raise claim severities; litigation finance (~$15bn 2023) increases liability loss pressure. Construction spend $1.82T (2023) and hardening reinsurance (up to +30% at 2024 renewals) drive premium volatility and net PML uplift.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10y Treasury\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~4.2%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFed funds\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.25–5.50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUS CPI 2024\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~3.4%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAvg wage growth 2024\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~4.3%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction 2023\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$1.82T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLitigation finance 2023\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~$15bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinsurer rate change 2024\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eup to +30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eWhat You See Is What You Get\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSkyward Specialty Insurance PESTLE Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe preview shown here is the exact document you’ll receive after purchase—fully formatted and ready to use. This Skyward Specialty Insurance PESTLE Analysis delivers concise Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental insights tailored for decision-makers. No placeholders or teasers; you’ll download the final, professionally structured file instantly after checkout.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"PortersFiveForce","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56162517811577,"sku":"skywardinsurance-pestle-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0914\/5276\/8633\/files\/skywardinsurance-pestle-analysis.png?v=1762702088","url":"https:\/\/portersfiveforce.com\/products\/skywardinsurance-pestle-analysis","provider":"Porter's Five Forces","version":"1.0","type":"link"}