{"product_id":"sisecam-pestle-analysis","title":"ÅžiÅŸecam PESTLE Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSkip the Research. Get the Strategy.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur PESTLE analysis of Şişecam reveals how political regulation, shifting economic cycles, and rapid technological advances shape its glass and chemicals businesses. We highlight environmental pressures and legal risks that could alter margins and market access. Purchase the full, ready-to-use report to get detailed trends, quantified impacts, and strategic recommendations you can apply immediately.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eP\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eolitical factors\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTrade policy volatility\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExport-driven glass and chemicals face tariffs, antidumping duties and CBAM-style border adjustments (EU CBAM full scope from 2026), which can add common tariff\/adjustment impacts of 5–25% to landed costs; Şişecam, active in 150+ countries, sees price competitiveness and market access shift as EU, US and regional rules change. Proactive trade compliance, diversified routes and use of government export incentives help mitigate disruption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeopolitical exposure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOperations across multiple countries expose Şişecam to sanctions, conflicts and supply interruptions, as seen after Russia’s Feb 2022 invasion of Ukraine which disrupted regional trade; European gas TTF spiked above €200\/MWh in 2022, showing energy risk. Politicized energy and raw-material corridors raise continuity and cost pressure. Scenario planning and multi-sourcing improve resilience, while insurance and strong local stakeholder ties mitigate disruption impacts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnergy and industrial policy\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSubsidies for decarbonization, including hydrogen and electrification grants, can materially lower furnace transition capex for Şişecam; Turkey’s installed power capacity ~106 GW (2024) and announced hydrogen roadmaps increase funding access. Volatility in gas imports (~42 bcm in 2023) and ongoing power market reforms\/capacity mechanisms directly affect glass-margin volatility. Industrial policy favoring local content drives capex localization and supply-chain choices. Active policy engagement is key to capturing incentives and reducing effective project costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePublic procurement and infrastructure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernment-funded construction and transport programs drive flat glass demand; the global flat glass market was around USD 46 billion in 2024 with roughly 4% projected CAGR, supporting Şişecam volumes. Automotive and appliance incentives in EU and Türkiye lifted downstream consumption in 2024. Counter-cyclical infrastructure spend can smooth revenue volatility, while public tender participation requires compliance readiness across jurisdictions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket: USD 46B (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowth: ~4% CAGR\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrivers: construction, transport, auto\/appliance incentives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRisk: compliance in tenders\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePolitical stability and regulation predictability\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStable policy environments attract long‑horizon furnace investments for Şişecam; unpredictable shifts in tax, subsidy or licensing frameworks can erode ROI on capital‑intensive glass furnaces. Country risk premia — exemplified by Turkey’s 5‑year CDS averaging near 350 bps in early 2025 — materially raise financing costs. Portfolio balancing across regions hedges operational and financing exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStable policy → supports multi‑year furnace capex\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTax\/subsidy shifts → reduce ROI, increase payback\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCountry risk (5y CDS ~350 bps) → higher borrowing costs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegional portfolio hedging → lowers volatility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCBAM, tariffs and energy shocks may add \u003cstrong\u003e5-25%\u003c\/strong\u003e to landed costs, forcing diversification\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExport rules and CBAM (EU full scope 2026) can add 5–25% to landed costs, shifting Şişecam competitiveness across 150+ countries; trade compliance and diversification mitigate impact. Energy and geopolitical shocks (Russia‑Ukraine 2022, EU TTF spikes) raise operating costs amid Turkey’s ~42 bcm gas imports (2023). Decarbonization subsidies, Turkey 106 GW capacity (2024), and country risk (5y CDS ~350 bps, early 2025) drive capex and financing decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eIndicator\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFlat glass market (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUSD 46B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMarket CAGR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~4%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTariff\/CBAM impact\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5–25%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTurkey gas imports (2023)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~42 bcm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInstalled power (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~106 GW\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTurkey 5y CDS (early 2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~350 bps\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvides a concise PESTLE overview of ÅžiÅŸecam, examining Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal forces with data-backed trends and region-specific examples. Designed for executives and investors, it highlights risks, opportunities and forward-looking implications for strategy and planning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA concise, visually segmented Şişecam PESTLE summary that teams can drop into presentations or planning sessions to quickly align on external risks and market positioning, editable for regional or business-line notes and easily shareable across departments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003economic factors\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCyclical end-market demand\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConstruction, automotive and appliance demand for Şişecam is highly GDP-sensitive, driving volume swings as global GDP grew about 3.0% in 2024 (IMF). Downcycles compress utilization and pricing while upcycles enable product-mix upgrades; flexible production planning and backlog management are therefore critical. Regional demand diversification across Turkey, Europe and MENA reduces overall cyclicality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCommodity and energy prices\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoda ash, silica, cullet and energy form the bulk of Şişecam’s cost stack, with energy often representing roughly 20–30% of glass melting costs and cullet\/soda ash driving the remainder. Volatility in gas and electricity wholesale markets materially swings mill margins, as seen during the 2021–24 price shocks. Hedging and long-term supply contracts have been used to stabilize input costs, while energy-efficiency projects (furnace recuperators, oxy-fuel) are delivering structural cost relief. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFX volatility and inflation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eŞişecam's multi-currency revenues—exports roughly 60% of sales in 2024—create translation and transaction risk as the Turkish lira weakened about 15% vs USD in 2024. High inflation in Türkiye (CPI ~62% in 2024) pressures wages and energy costs while list-price adjustments lag industry costs. Natural hedges, indexed pricing clauses and aligning balance-sheet currencies have helped protect margins and lower net currency exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCapacity cycles and pricing power\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobal additions in flat glass and soda ash risk periodic oversupply, pressuring margins, while industry consolidation and disciplined shutdowns have been the primary mechanisms preserving pricing power. Şişecam's focus on premium coated and specialty glass improves mix and margins, and strategic capex timing allows capture of tight-market pricing when cycles tighten.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eoversupply risk from capacity additions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003econsolidation \u0026amp; shutdowns support prices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003epremium products lift margins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003etimed capex exploits tight markets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLogistics and supply chain costs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOcean freight volatility remains key: Freightos\/Baltic indices show spot rates fell roughly 70% from 2021 peaks and remained about 60% below peaks through 2024, cutting delivered cost but exposing schedule risk; port congestion and inland transport delays still add variable premiums to Şişecam shipments. Nearshoring and Mediterranean regional hubs have shortened lead times and bolstered resilience. Inventory optimization and digital visibility cut lead-time variance and buffer shocks without excess working capital.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOcean freight: -60% vs 2021 peaks (2024, Freightos\/Baltic)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePort congestion: persistent variable premiums\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNearshoring: regional hubs shorten lead times\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital visibility: lowers lead-time variance, enables inventory optimization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCBAM, tariffs and energy shocks may add \u003cstrong\u003e5-25%\u003c\/strong\u003e to landed costs, forcing diversification\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eŞişecam demand is GDP-sensitive (global GDP ~3.0% in 2024, IMF) with regional diversification reducing cyclicality. Energy (≈20–30% of melting costs), soda ash and cullet drive margins; gas\/electric volatility and 2021–24 shocks made hedging and efficiency critical. Exports ≈60% of sales (2024); TRY weakened ~15% vs USD and Türkiye CPI ≈62% in 2024, pressuring costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGlobal GDP growth (IMF)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~3.0%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExports of sales\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~60%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTürkiye CPI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~62%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTRY vs USD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-15%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEnergy share (melting)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20–30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOcean freight vs 2021 peak\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-60%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eSame Document Delivered\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eÅžiÅŸecam PESTLE Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Şişecam PESTLE analysis examines political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors affecting the glass and chemicals group, highlighting risks and strategic opportunities for investors and managers. The review includes regulatory, market and sustainability insights to inform decision-making. The preview shown here is the exact document you’ll receive after purchase—fully formatted and ready to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"PortersFiveForce","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55675402223993,"sku":"sisecam-pestle-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0914\/5276\/8633\/files\/sisecam-pestle-analysis.png?v=1755807606","url":"https:\/\/portersfiveforce.com\/products\/sisecam-pestle-analysis","provider":"Porter's Five Forces","version":"1.0","type":"link"}