{"product_id":"mtr-marketing-mix","title":"MTR Marketing Mix","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGet Inspired by a Complete Brand Strategy\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiscover how MTR’s Product, Price, Place, and Promotion combine to create market-leading strength—this concise 4Ps snapshot highlights key tactics and competitive advantages. Want the full, editable analysis with data, examples, and slide-ready insights to apply immediately? Purchase the complete report and save hours on strategy and presentation prep.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eP\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eroduct\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Product-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIntegrated Urban Rail Services\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCore offering: safe, frequent, high-capacity metro and rail services centered on Hong Kong MTR’s network of about 230 km and roughly 98 stations, including light rail and feeder buses that shorten door-to-door travel. Service design emphasizes punctuality and reliability—on-time performance consistently above 99.9%—with accessibility and crowd management across interchanges. Continuous investments in rolling stock, signaling and station amenities differentiate the experience.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Product-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRail‑Plus‑Property Ecosystem\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMTR develops and manages residential, retail and office properties above and around stations to boost rider convenience, capturing a captive footfall from the Hong Kong network that serves ≈5 million daily journeys. This Rail‑Plus‑Property model increases asset values and generates property revenues (property portfolio valued at over HK$100 billion) that help fund rail expansion. Offerings include station malls, TOD communities and facility management, aligning product quality with long‑term urban liveability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Product-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Product-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInternational Operations \u0026amp; Consultancy\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExports rail operations, maintenance and advisory services to cities in Mainland China, Australia and Europe, covering three regions with tailored local delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcession and JV structures deliver end-to-end O\u0026amp;M, customer service and safety systems, exemplified by the Metro Trains Melbourne concession awarded in 2009 (16 years to 2025).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnowledge transfer spans timetable design, asset management and digital operations; global projects boost brand credibility and diversify revenue streams.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Product-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePassenger Experience \u0026amp; Ancillary Services\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePassenger experience centers on clean stations, clear wayfinding, accessibility features and a visible safety culture; ancillaries comprise station retail, advertising inventory and customer service centres, while Wi‑Fi and real‑time information enhance journeys and consistent service standards drive trust and repeat usage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCleanliness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWayfinding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccessibility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSafety culture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRetail \u0026amp; advertising\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWi‑Fi \u0026amp; real‑time info\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsistent service standards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Product-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDigital Platforms \u0026amp; Payments\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMobile apps provide journey planning, real-time service updates and e-ticketing; MTR reported digital ticketing growth with e-payments surpassing cash for many routes. Integration with contactless systems such as Octopus and bank cards speeds throughput and reduced gate dwell; Octopus had ~43 million cards\/devices in circulation by 2023. Data-driven ops optimize headways and incident response, while digital channels enable targeted offers and feedback loops.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMobile apps: journey planning, e-ticketing, real-time updates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContactless: Octopus \u0026amp; bank cards, faster throughput (~43M Octopus units 2023)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eData ops: optimized headways, incident response\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital marketing: targeted offers, feedback loops\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Product-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMetro network: \u003cstrong\u003e230 km\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003e98\u003c\/strong\u003e stations, \u003cstrong\u003e5M\u003c\/strong\u003e\/day, \u0026gt; \u003cstrong\u003e99.9%\u003c\/strong\u003e punctuality\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCore product: safe, punctual metro and feeder services across ~230 km and ~98 stations with on-time performance \u0026gt;99.9% and ≈5 million daily journeys.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRail‑Plus‑Property model: station malls and TODs supporting a property portfolio valued at over HK$100 billion, funding expansion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDigital \u0026amp; ancillaries: e‑ticketing\/e‑payments surpass cash, Octopus ≈43 million units (2023); global O\u0026amp;M exports diversify revenue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNetwork\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈230 km \/ ≈98 stations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDaily journeys\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈5 million\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOn‑time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;99.9%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProperty value\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;HK$100 billion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOctopus units (2023)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈43 million\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDelivers a concise, company-specific deep dive into MTR’s Product, Price, Place, and Promotion strategies, using real brand practices and competitive context to ground recommendations; ideal for managers and consultants seeking a ready-to-use, professional marketing positioning brief.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondenses the MTR 4P’s into a clear, one-page summary that removes analysis overload and speeds leadership alignment; perfect for decks, quick decisions, or adapting fields to your brand strategy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eP\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003elace\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Place-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDense Hong Kong Network Footprint\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMTR’s dense footprint spans over 270 km of railway with about 99 heavy-rail stations plus 68 Light Rail stops and extensive feeder-bus links, delivering true citywide coverage. Stations function as primary distribution nodes for transport services and retail, generating strong footfall and rental revenues. Peak headways fall to 2–3 minutes on core corridors, maximizing availability, while interchange designs enable seamless multimodal transfers across the network.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Place-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTransit-Oriented Developments\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProperties atop and adjacent to stations place services where demand concentrates, with MTR operating over 40 shopping malls integrated with its station network to capture commuter flows. Retail malls within stations create convenient access to goods and services, boosting dwell time and retail sales. Residential and office towers above stations ensure steady patronage flows and recurring non-fare revenue. This spatial strategy aligns real estate with transport demand, enhancing asset value and ridership synergy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Place-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Place-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGlobal Concessions \u0026amp; JVs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobal concessions and JVs extend MTR operations to Shenzhen and Beijing, Melbourne and Sydney, and European cities such as Stockholm and London. Local entities in these six cities manage day-to-day service delivery under defined performance KPIs. Knowledge and standards are adapted to local regulatory and cultural contexts. The portfolio spans three continents, mitigating single-market concentration risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Place-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOmnichannel Access\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCustomers engage via ticket offices, service centres and station kiosks while MTR’s digital footprint—website, mobile apps and social channels—handles information and ticket sales; the network served over 5 million passenger journeys daily pre-COVID. Corporate and institutional clients are managed through dedicated B2B teams, and APIs\/data feeds enable third-party journey planners and integrations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChannels: ticket offices, service centres, kiosks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDigital: website, mobile apps, social sales\/info\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB2B: corporate\/institutional account teams\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegration: APIs and data feeds for third-party planners\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Place-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePartner \u0026amp; Government Interfaces\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClose coordination with transport authorities and city planners secures right-of-way and scheduling for network expansions; in 2024 MTR continued integrated planning to align construction windows and timetables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeveloper partnerships enable site assembly and integrated design, retailer networks distribute services within station precincts, and logistics and maintenance hubs support reliable operations and service availability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRight-of-way coordination: statutory approvals and aligned schedules\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeveloper partnerships: site assembly and mixed-use design\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRetail networks: in-station service distribution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogistics hubs: maintenance uptime and operational reliability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/MARKETING-MIX-Content-Place-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCitywide rail + integrated property delivers \u003cstrong\u003e270 km\u003c\/strong\u003e network, \u0026gt;5M daily journeys, 40+ malls\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMTR’s place strategy delivers citywide coverage across about 270 km of rail with ~99 heavy-rail stations and 68 Light Rail stops, driving \u0026gt;5 million daily journeys pre-COVID and high footfall. Integrated property—over 40 shopping malls and transit-oriented residential\/office developments—captures non-fare revenue and boosts dwell time. Global operations span six cities, with interchange designs and frequent peak headways (2–3 min) ensuring availability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue (2024\/25)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNetwork length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~270 km\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeavy-rail stations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~99\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLight Rail stops\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e68\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eShopping malls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDaily journeys (pre-COVID)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;5 million\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePeak headways\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2–3 minutes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperational cities\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003ePreview the Actual Deliverable\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMTR 4P's Marketing Mix Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MTR 4P's Marketing Mix Analysis provides a concise, actionable review of Product, Price, Place and Promotion tailored to drive strategic decisions. This is the same ready-made Marketing Mix document you'll download immediately after checkout. It's fully editable and ready to use for presentations, planning or implementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"PortersFiveForce","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56164775002489,"sku":"mtr-marketing-mix","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0914\/5276\/8633\/files\/mtr-marketing-mix.png?v=1762739768","url":"https:\/\/portersfiveforce.com\/products\/mtr-marketing-mix","provider":"Porter's Five Forces","version":"1.0","type":"link"}