{"product_id":"doordash-pestle-analysis","title":"DoorDash PESTLE Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePlan Smarter. Present Sharper. Compete Stronger.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGain a competitive edge with our PESTLE analysis of DoorDash. We unpack political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental forces shaping growth and risk. Ideal for investors, consultants, and strategists seeking actionable insights. Purchase the full report to get the complete, editable breakdown instantly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eP\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eolitical factors\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGig worker classification policies\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernments continue debating contractor versus employee status, shaping DoorDash’s cost structure and flexible delivery model; California’s Prop 22, passed in 2020 after a campaign that exceeded 200 million USD, created a hybrid benefits model but faces ongoing legal challenges. The EU Platform Work Directive imposes new minimums across 27 member states and could trigger reclassification costs and benefits obligations. DoorDash must adapt benefits, pricing and operating models by jurisdiction to manage regulatory, legal and cost risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLocal delivery fee caps and ordinances\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCities periodically impose delivery commission caps—commonly around 15% (implemented in several U.S. municipalities during COVID-19)—which compress DoorDash’s take-rate and can force higher merchant fees or prioritization of profitable zones. Strategic lobbying and negotiated municipal partnerships have mitigated some rules. Policy volatility forces rapid contract and pricing updates to protect margins and local coverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMunicipal permitting and zoning\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDark stores, ghost kitchens and micro-fulfillment sites faced increased zoning and permitting scrutiny in 2024, with major cities tightening rules and review processes. Political pushback in dense urban cores can materially slow expansion and site activation. Proactive stakeholder engagement and community benefits often accelerate approvals. Non-compliance risks shutdowns, fines and reputational harm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTrade and cross-border dynamics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExpansion into Canada (launched 2016) and Australia (launched 2019) exposes DoorDash to cross-border trade rules, customs processing, and potential tariffs on scooters, e-bikes and delivery hardware; political tensions can disrupt parts sourcing and logistics networks. Data localization regimes — e.g., China (2017 Cybersecurity Law), Russia (2015 data localization) and EU GDPR (2018) — force infrastructure and hosting changes. Stable bilateral relations reduce customs friction and operating costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarkets: Canada (2016), Australia (2019)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey laws: China 2017, Russia 2015, EU GDPR 2018\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRisk: supply-chain interruptions for scooters\/e-bikes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOpportunity: stable relations lower tariff\/customs delays\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePublic health and safety policy\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHealth crises reshape demand and trigger temporary regulations — platforms rolled out contactless delivery in 2020 and US foodborne illness affects 48,000,000 people annually per CDC, increasing scrutiny on delivery protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFood safety mandates and contactless standards define DoorDash operational playbooks; compliance impacts consumer trust and merchant onboarding in a market with over 50% US share (2023).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRapid policy shifts force scalable training, real-time communications and auditability to maintain service continuity and regulatory adherence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ehealth crises → demand + temporary regs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003efood safety \u0026amp; contactless → ops playbook\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ecompliance → consumer trust, merchant onboarding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003erapid shifts → scalable training \u0026amp; comms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Political-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGovernance shifts: Prop 22, EU Platform Work, \u003cstrong\u003e~15%\u003c\/strong\u003e caps and tighter zoning reshape delivery\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernance shifts (Prop 22 \u0026gt;200M USD campaign) and the EU Platform Work Directive reshape labor costs and classification risk; municipal commission caps (~15%) compress take-rates. Zoning for dark stores tightened in 2024; data laws (GDPR 2018, China 2017) and cross-border tariffs affect hardware sourcing. Foodborne illness (CDC 48M\/yr) and contactless rules drive operational standards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eItem\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUS market share (2023)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProp 22 campaign\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;200M USD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFoodborne illnesses\/yr (US)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e48M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplores how macro-environmental factors uniquely affect DoorDash across Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal dimensions, with each section backed by relevant data and current trends. Designed for executives and investors, it highlights threats, opportunities and forward-looking insights to inform strategy, scenario planning and investor-ready materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA concise, visually segmented DoorDash PESTLE that distills regulatory, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal risks into a single-shareable summary, enabling quick alignment in meetings and customizable notes for region- or business line–specific planning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003economic factors\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConsumer spending and disposable income\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMacroeconomic cycles directly affect DoorDash order frequency and basket size: after inflation eased (US CPI averaged about 3.4% in 2024) higher real purchasing power lifts demand for convenience services while downturns push consumers to lower-cost options. Price elasticity influences take rates and fees—DoorDash reported a take rate near 16% in 2024—so promotions become critical to sustain volume during weak spending periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInflation, fuel, and courier earnings\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInflation (US CPI ~3.4% in 2024) and higher fuel (US average regular gas ≈ $3.50\/gal in 2024, EIA) squeeze Dasher supply and per-delivery economics, raising break-even thresholds for couriers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDoorDash must use incentives and dynamic pay to offset volatility; reported median Dasher earnings around $24\/hr in 2023–24 highlight sensitivity to pay mixes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurcharges (fuel or delivery fees) can defend margins but risk demand elasticity; efficient routing and batching reduce mileage and help absorb cost spikes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInterest rates and capital access\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigher interest rates (federal funds ~5.25–5.50% in 2024–25) raise discount rates, making profitability milestones and cash-flow timing more critical for DoorDash. Capital-intensive bets like robotics pilots and micro-fulfillment require clearer ROI and longer payback assumptions. Lower-rate environments would favor faster geographic and category expansion. Cost discipline and variable-cost leverage remain pivotal to sustain margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRestaurant and retail health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMerchant solvency drives SKU breadth and commission durability; restaurants still account for roughly 70% of DoorDash GMV, so closures thin SKU variety and raise delivery times, pressuring conversion. Diversification into grocery and convenience (now exceeding 20% of orders) hedges restaurant cyclicality, while co-marketing and loyalty programs stabilize volumes and repeat rates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMerchant solvency → SKU breadth, commission resilience\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClosures → lower density, longer delivery, lower conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrocery\/convenience \u0026gt;20% → diversification hedge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCo-marketing\/loyalty → volume stabilization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCompetition and pricing pressure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRival platforms spark fee wars and driver incentives, while ad-auction inflation raises marketing costs; DoorDash, with roughly 60% US food-delivery market share (2024), must defend margins as ad revenues scale. Multi-homing by consumers and merchants lowers switching costs, forcing investment in selection, speed, and ads ROI to sustain retention. Scale advantages in logistics progressively lower unit costs, making differentiation via faster delivery and higher ad ROI essential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarketShare: ~60% (US, 2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePressure: fee wars \u0026amp; driver bonuses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAds: auction-driven cost inflation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulti-homing: higher churn risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScale: lowers unit logistics cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/PESTLE-Content-Economic-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGovernance shifts: Prop 22, EU Platform Work, \u003cstrong\u003e~15%\u003c\/strong\u003e caps and tighter zoning reshape delivery\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMacroeconomic slack and 2024 CPI ~3.4% shift order frequency and basket size, with DoorDash take rate ~16% (2024) making promotions vital in downturns. Fuel (~$3.50\/gal, 2024) and median Dasher pay ~$24\/hr (2023–24) pressure per-delivery economics; federal funds 5.25–5.50% (2024–25) raises hurdle rates for robotics\/MFC investments. Diversification (grocery\/convenience \u0026gt;20%) and ~60% US market share (2024) partly hedge restaurant cyclicality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUS CPI (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~3.4%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTake rate (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~16%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMedian Dasher pay\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~$24\/hr\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFuel (avg 2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~$3.50\/gal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFed funds\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.25–5.50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGrocery\/convenience\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;20% orders\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUS market share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~60%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eSame Document Delivered\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDoorDash PESTLE Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis DoorDash PESTLE Analysis provides a concise review of political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors affecting the business, with strategic implications and data-backed observations. The preview shown here is the exact document you’ll receive after purchase—fully formatted and ready to use. Use it for executive briefing, investor review, or strategic planning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"PortersFiveForce","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56162667856249,"sku":"doordash-pestle-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0914\/5276\/8633\/files\/doordash-pestle-analysis.png?v=1762706143","url":"https:\/\/portersfiveforce.com\/products\/doordash-pestle-analysis","provider":"Porter's Five Forces","version":"1.0","type":"link"}