{"product_id":"continental-five-forces-analysis","title":"Continental Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFrom Overview to Strategy Blueprint\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis brief snapshot highlights key competitive pressures on Continental—supplier leverage, buyer power, rivalry intensity, and substitution risks—showing where strategic vulnerability and opportunity lie. The full Porter's Five Forces Analysis delivers force-by-force ratings, visuals, and actionable implications tailored to Continental. Unlock the complete report to inform investment or strategy decisions with consultant-grade insight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSemiconductor dependency\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContinental depends on a narrow set of Tier-2 chipmakers for ADAS controllers, sensors and power electronics, concentrating supplier leverage. Global wafer fab utilization hovered near 90% in 2024 and automotive-grade chip lead times averaged 28–34 weeks, boosting pricing power. Dual-sourcing and redesigns reduce single-supplier risk but add 6–18 months of validation. Strategic agreements ease supply but node-specific capacity constraints persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialty materials and chemicals\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdvanced tires and brake systems rely on proprietary rubber compounds, carbon black, silica and specialty resins supplied by a concentrated set of chemical firms such as Cabot, Birla Carbon, Orion, Evonik and Dow, giving suppliers notable bargaining power. Volatility in oil and energy prices transmits to these feedstocks and thus to Continental’s input costs. Long-term supply contracts mitigate price spikes but constrain short-term negotiating flexibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSoftware toolchains and platforms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContinental’s development relies on licensed toolchains, AUTOSAR stacks, RTOS and major cloud providers, creating high supplier leverage; switching core platforms mid-program is costly and risky and can add months and multimillion-euro redesigns. Cybersecurity and compliance patches increase lock-in; in 2024 software represented roughly 25% of vehicle value, raising platform dependency. Building internal platforms reduces vendor risk but requires years and scarce talent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePrecision components and machinery\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduction relies on specialized molds, curing presses, tire-building machines and sensor packaging equipment, with qualification cycles in 2024 commonly exceeding 12 months due to safety-critical standards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA small number of OEMs dominate these niches in 2024, enabling premium pricing and stricter service terms that raise switching costs for Continental.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreventive maintenance and multi-year service contracts (often 3–5 years) embed ongoing supplier leverage and recurring spend.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecialized equipment: long qualification (12+ months)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupplier concentration: dominant OEMs, premium pricing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eService contracts: 3–5 year maintenance lock-in\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLogistics and geopolitical exposure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobal supply chains across Europe, Asia and the Americas expose Continental to volatile shipping rates, tariffs and export controls; container rates fell sharply from 2021 peaks into 2024, easing freight costs but leaving tariff and export-control risk intact. Regionalized manufacturing has reduced transit exposure but raised fixed costs and capex. Suppliers in sensitive jurisdictions face sudden restrictions; buffer inventory and nearshoring mitigate but do not eliminate disruption risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply-chain exposure: Europe\/Asia\/Americas\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShipping rates: normalized by 2024 vs 2021 peak\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegionalization: lower transit risk, higher fixed costs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolicy risk: sudden supplier restrictions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitigants: buffer inventory, nearshoring (partial)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupplier power squeezes automakers: chip lead times, software lock-in, costly contracts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplier power is high: auto chips (fab utilization ~90% in 2024; lead times 28–34 weeks) and specialty chemicals raise input costs. Software\/platforms (~25% of vehicle value in 2024) create lock-in; switching costs months and multimillion-euro redesigns. Equipment qualification \u0026gt;12 months and 3–5 year service contracts sustain supplier leverage amid regional policy risks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eImpact\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWafer fab utilization\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~90%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrice\/lead-time pressure\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChip lead times\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e28–34 wks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSupply risk\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSoftware share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~25% vehicle value\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePlatform lock-in\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEquip qual.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;12 months\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSlow switching\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eService contracts\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3–5 yrs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOngoing spend\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTailored Porter's Five Forces analysis for Continental that dissects competitive rivalry, supplier and buyer power, threat of entrants and substitutes, and emerging disruptions—evaluating impacts on pricing, margins, and market share; fully editable for inclusion in investor decks, strategy reports, or academic projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContinental Porter's Five Forces Analysis provides a concise one-sheet of competitive pressures with customizable intensity levels and an instant radar visual—ideal for quick boardroom decisions, pitch decks, or embedding into broader dashboards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConcentrated OEM customers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobal automakers and Tier-1 platforms act as large, consolidated buyers with strong leverage over suppliers; Continental reported group sales of €34.1 billion in 2023, concentrating bargaining around major program volumes. Their scale and multi-year platform awards enable steep price negotiation and volume commitments, so losing a platform can materially reduce production utilization and margins. Winning programs increasingly requires aggressive pricing, bundled value-adds (software, integration) and technical differentiation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePlatform sourcing and long cycles\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutomotive platforms lock suppliers 5–7 years, concentrating program volume in few contracts and reducing churn. Competitive RFQs at award typically force margin concessions, often trimming supplier margins by 200–400 basis points in 2024. Lock-in cements those price concessions for the program lifetime. Mid-cycle engineering change requests can further squeeze suppliers' margins and working capital.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStringent quality and penalty regimes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOEMs enforce strict PPAP, ASPICE and ISO 26262 functional safety standards and include warranty clawbacks that can trigger chargebacks and disqualification for noncompliance; failures routinely lead to immediate cost recovery and contract termination risk. This transfers the cost of quality to suppliers and incentivizes buyers to demand broader commercial protections and non-price concessions. Buyers thus secure favorable payment, liability and audit terms beyond unit price.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSwitching costs vs modularity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntegration into vehicle E\/E architectures raises switching costs for complex ADAS and braking systems because deep software and hardware coupling locks OEMs into suppliers for calibration, updates and liability management, while growing modularity and standardized interfaces (e.g., SOME\/IP, AUTOSAR) enable buyers to multi-source; Continental must balance proprietary integration with openness and use joint roadmaps to reduce switching desire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLock-in vs openness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJoint roadmaps lower churn\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandards enable multi-sourcing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAftermarket dynamics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAftermarket tires and replacement parts sell into retail and fleet channels with increasingly informed buyers; global tire aftermarket was about USD 120bn in 2024, and online sales reached roughly 25% of retail, amplifying price transparency and private-label growth (~15% share in key markets). Brand, performance, and sustainability claims sustain premium segments, while promotions and channel programs are essential to defend share.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket size: USD 120bn (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOnline retail share: ~25%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrivate-label share: ~15%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFocus: brand, performance, sustainability, promotions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOEMs squeeze suppliers \u003cstrong\u003e200–400 bps\u003c\/strong\u003e; aftermarket \u003cstrong\u003eUSD 120bn\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge OEMs\/Tier‑1 buyers concentrate volume (Continental sales €34.1bn in 2023), enforce 5–7 year program lock‑ins and drove supplier margin compression of ~200–400 bps in 2024. OEMs extract non‑price protections via PPAP\/ASPICE\/ISO26262 and warranty clawbacks. Aftermarket remains sizable (USD 120bn in 2024) with ~25% online and ~15% private‑label.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGroup sales (2023)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€34.1bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMargin pressure (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e200–400 bps\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProgram length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5–7 yrs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAftermarket (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUSD 120bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnline share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~25%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrivate‑label\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~15%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003ePreview the Actual Deliverable\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContinental Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Continental Porter's Five Forces Analysis you'll receive after purchase—no placeholders or summaries. The file is fully formatted, professionally written, and ready to download instantly upon payment. Use it immediately for strategic planning, valuation, or market assessment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"PortersFiveForce","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56162962047353,"sku":"continental-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0914\/5276\/8633\/files\/continental-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1762712111","url":"https:\/\/portersfiveforce.com\/products\/continental-five-forces-analysis","provider":"Porter's Five Forces","version":"1.0","type":"link"}